Ketogenic diet ameliorates attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in rats via regulating gut microbiota

Liu, Yu; Yang, Chengliang; Meng, Yan; Dang, Yonghui; Yang, Lefu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289133

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Approximately 65–89% of adults with ADHD experience one or more comorbid psychiatric conditions, and ADHD often occurs comorbid with anxiety and depression ( 41 ). Preclinical studies in murine models ( 42 ) of ADHD with hyperactivity suggest that KD may improve symptoms via alteration of the gut microbiome. Preclinical studies in dogs with epilepsy displaying ADHD-like behaviors treated with a medium-chain triglyceride KD have shown decreased pathological behaviors ( 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete remission of depression and anxiety using a ketogenic diet: case series

Calabrese,

Frase,

Ghaloo

2024

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundThere is little data that describe the use of ketogenic metabolic therapy to achieve full remission of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in clinical practice. We present a retrospective case series of three adults with major depression and generalized anxiety disorder with complex comorbidity, treated with personalized ketogenic metabolic therapy, who achieved complete remission of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder and improvements in flourishing, self-compassion, and metabolic health.MethodsThree adults, ages 32–36, with major depression, generalized anxiety, other anxiety disorders, and comorbid psychiatric conditions were treated for 12–16 weeks with personalized whole food animal-based ketogenic metabolic therapy (1.5:1 ratio) in a specialized metabolic psychiatry practice. Interventions included twice-weekly visits with an experienced ketogenic registered dietitian; daily photo journaling and capillary blood BHB/glucose/GKI monitoring; virtual groups; family/friends support; nature walks and talks several times per week, and community building. Successful adoption of the ketogenic diet was defined as the achievement and maintenance of capillary BHB ≥ 0.8 mmol/L and GKI < 6. Remission was assessed by GAD-7 and PHQ-9, and quality of life was assessed subjectively and with validated scales for flourishing and self-compassion. Metabolic health was assessed by laboratories/biometric measures.ResultsTwo patients achieved remission of major depression (PHQ-9 ≤ 4) and generalized anxiety (GAD-7 ≤ 4) within 7 weeks of therapeutic nutritional ketosis; one required 12 weeks. Anxiety responded and remitted more quickly than major depression. Flourishing and self-compassion increased steadily. Patients lost 10.9 to 14.8% of their initial body weight within 12 weeks and improved metabolically; one achieved optimal metabolic health.ConclusionComplete remission of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder occurred within 7–12 weeks of therapeutic nutritional ketosis during treatment with a personalized animal-based ketogenic diet (ratio 1.5:1) in adults with complex comorbid depression and anxiety engaged in a specialized metabolic psychiatry program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete remission of depression and anxiety using a ketogenic diet: case series

Calabrese,

Frase,

Ghaloo

2024

Front. Nutr.

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“…The underlying mechanisms of the amelioration of epilepsy by ketogenic diets seem to be multifaceted, involving both the gut-brain axis and microbiota 8 , and regional changes within the brain including accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and elevated GABA/glutamate ratio 1 . Interestingly, reduction in GABA was also observed in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), another neuronal disorder that could potentially be alleviated by ketogenic diets 9 . Recently, using similar analyses, we found that a high fat low carbohydrate food environment is also associated with reduced ADHD disease burden 10 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High fat and low carbohydrate supplies are linked to decreased epilepsy disease burden globally

Ni,

Senior,

Raubenheimer

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Objectives Epilepsy is one of the major neural disorders globally. Ketogenic diets with high fat, low carbohydrate and moderate to low protein contents are well-established as interventions for epilepsy, particularly the intricate ones, exemplifying that modifying dietary compositions might have profound effects on established epilepsy. However, most of the diet-related epilepsy interventions have focused on dividual nutrients or specific diets with set nutrient compositions. An important unanswered question is whether specific macronutrient exposure through diets and food environments are linked to epilepsy and could potentially extend to primary preventive qualities. Methods Macronutrient supply, gross domestic product (GDP), and epilepsy disease burden data were collated from more than 150 countries spanning from 1990 to 2018. Nutritional geometry generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were carried out for analysis. Results GAMM modelling unravelled the interactive effects of nutrient supplies and socioeconomic status on epilepsy disease burden. Carbohydrate supply was associated with increased epilepsy while fat supply had the opposite effect. A high fat low carbohydrate supplies dietary environment, similar to ketogenic diets, was linked to the lowest epilepsy disease burden. These associations were conserved across sexes and were not confounded by the total energy supply. Conclusions A high fat low carbohydrate supplies dietary environment is associated with decreased epilepsy disease burden, hinting a plausible primary preventive role. This might expand the clinical application of ketogenic diets and inform future nutrient-based epilepsy treatment and/or prevention.

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Plant-based fat supply is associated with reduced ADHD disease burden

Ni,

Senior,

Raubenheimer

et al. 2024

Preprint

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ObjectivesAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is emerging as a major neurodevelopmental disorder on a global scale, affecting both children and increasingly adult population. Its aetiology is unclear but seems to involve genetic and environmental factors, particularly diets and nutrients. However, most studies so far only focused on specific nutrients or dietary patterns, lacking systematic perspectives of their potential interactions, and also neglecting other confounding factors like socioeconomic status. Thus, we aim to systematically interrogate the association between nutrient supply, reflecting the food exposure and environment, socioeconomic status and ADHD disease burden at a global level over time.MethodsADHD disease burden, macronutrient supply and gross domestic product (GDP) were collated from more than 150 countries from 1990 to 2018 and analyzed with nutritional geometry generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs).ResultsModelling results suggested the interactive effects of nutrients and socioeconomic status on ADHD. Fat, especially plant-based fat supply, is associated with decreased ADHD disease burden. These associations were conserved across sexes and ages and were not confounded by the total energy supply.ConclusionsGlobally, far, particularly plant-based fat supply seemed to drive the reduction of ADHD disease burden, which is supported by previous reports about the amelioration of ADHD by ketogenic diets. Further in-depth studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanistic and may inform future targeted dietary interventions for ADHD prevention and/or treatment.

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Ketogenic diet ameliorates attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in rats via regulating gut microbiota

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Complete remission of depression and anxiety using a ketogenic diet: case series

Complete remission of depression and anxiety using a ketogenic diet: case series

High fat and low carbohydrate supplies are linked to decreased epilepsy disease burden globally

Plant-based fat supply is associated with reduced ADHD disease burden

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