Key Concepts in Social Research

Payne, Geoff; Payne, Judy

doi:10.4135/9781849209397

Cited by 577 publications

(348 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The problems associated with attempts to tease out anything resembling a causal relationship or, rather, causal association (when changes in one systematically result in changes in the other [Payne & Payne, 2004] and which, in the stronger sense of the term causation, can be measured for statistical significance) do not exhaust the explanatory possibilities, however. An alternative, arguably more adequate, approach involves the use of a broader, less rigidlydefined concept of causation similar to that employed in epidemiology and familiar to social scientists more generally.…”

Section: The Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…After all, as well as being ideologically predisposed and professionally constrained to view the relationship between PE and youth sport as self-evidently positive, speculation may be all that is available to advocates -not least because physical educationalists do not have what Payne & Payne (2004) might refer to as a classic open and shut case of causality -in the sense that if PE is present (and it is for pretty-much all youngsters of school age in many countries around the world) then participation in sport is not only always present but is only present when young people have experienced PE. Put another way, any exploration of the relationship between PE and youth sport is bound to result in conjecture for two fundamental and inescapable reasons: first, the number of, and complex interrelationships between, variables -that have the potential to impact upon sports participation -precludes the isolation of causal factors and renders the identification of a causal relationship virtually impossible.…”

Section: The Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mission impossible? Reflecting upon the relationship between physical education, youth sport and lifelong participation

Green

2012

Sport, Education and Society

103

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It is widely believed that school physical education (PE) is or, at the very least, can (even should) be a crucial vehicle for enhancing young people's engagement with physically active recreation (typically but not exclusively in the form of sport) in their leisure and, in the longer run, over the life-course. Despite the prevalence of such beliefs there remains a dearth of evidence demonstrating a 'PE effect'. Indeed, the precise nature of the relationship between PE, youth sport and lifelong participation is seldom explored other than in implicit, often speculative and discursive, ways that simply take-for-granted the positive effects of the former (PE) on the latter (youth and adult participation in sport and physically active recreation). Using largely European studies to frame the issue, this paper reflects upon the supposedly 'causal' relationship between PE, youth sport and lifelong participation and, in doing so, highlights the inherent problems associated with attempts to identify, characterise and establish a 'PE effect'. In the process, the paper points to a need for more longitudinal and biographical research exploring sports careers and the sporting habituses of young people, not least in order to better understand in precisely what circumstances PE interventions might work to enhance youth involvement in sport and physical activity and, subsequently, lifelong participation.

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Section: The Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Mission impossible? Reflecting upon the relationship between physical education, youth sport and lifelong participation

Green

2012

Sport, Education and Society

103

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“…Fieldwork involves collecting data in a naturally occurring setting in order to understand what's happening, usually with in-depth interviews and participant observation (Payne & Payne, 2004). For this study, fieldwork included participant observation, semi-structured in depth interviews, a pre-post post-program questionnaire, and brief second interviews before departure.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reliability in qualitative research resolves around a researcher's trustworthiness (Golafshani, 2003) and ability to provide rigour in research methods. It remained my goal to maintain a high professional standard of research and encouraged reflexivity, that is, selfawareness and self-critique (Payne & Payne, 2004) throughout all steps of the research process.…”

Section: Reliability and Reflexivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I conducted participant observation following the four-step process described by Payne and Payne (2004), by ( From observations, I interpreted if and how participants were cultivating a love for coastal environments over the course of the program, or the emotional processes they were experiencing while in the coastal environment at Hooksum. Every day of the program was recorded in a field journal, resulting in 28 days of field-notes.…”

Section: Participant Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenomenology in a Wetsuit: Understanding Biophilia in Pacific Coastal Environments

Banavage¹

2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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It's good for me: It has added fibre! An exploration of the role of different categories of functional foods in consumer diets

Cornish

2012

J of Consumer Behaviour

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This study extends extant research by examining the impetus behind the consumption of both nutritionally rich and nutritionally poor functional foods. It uses diaries and in‐depth interviews and demonstrates that nutritionism theory, that is, where focus shifts from base food products to their constituent nutrients, is central to consumers' perception and consumption of functional foods. An unfortunate consequence is that consumers are unable to distinguish between nutritionally rich and nutritionally poor functional foods, believing instead the health claims of both. Nutritionally poor foods are often as unhealthy and calorific as nonfortified alternatives, and thus this consumption behaviour can have a negative impact on consumer well‐being. This is exacerbated by functional foods being used to boost unhealthy diets as an alternative to more substantial dietary overhaul and being habitually used as substitutes for healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables. Finally, this article reveals that theories of guilt and justification can and should be applied to the consumption of functional foods because many consumers often use functional foods and the nutrients therein to assuage any guilt resultant from unhealthy eating patterns. This study has important implications for nutrition policies. It illustrates the necessity of educating consumers about (i) what constitutes a healthy diet and (ii) the role of nutrients as building blocks in healthy diets, highlighting the importance of choosing appropriate sources for these nutrients. This should enable them to make healthier dietary choices and reduce their propensity to use functional foods as a quick fix to unhealthy eating patterns. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Key Concepts in Social Research

Cited by 577 publications

References 9 publications

Mission impossible? Reflecting upon the relationship between physical education, youth sport and lifelong participation

Mission impossible? Reflecting upon the relationship between physical education, youth sport and lifelong participation

Phenomenology in a Wetsuit: Understanding Biophilia in Pacific Coastal Environments

It's good for me: It has added fibre! An exploration of the role of different categories of functional foods in consumer diets

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