“…Early research comparing public and private schools in the USA (Chubb and Moe 1990), which has since been contested (see Maslowski et al, 2007), found higher levels of achievement in schools with more autonomy in relation to curricula, allocation of resources, teaching methods and staffing. Research on the effects of schoolbased management on achievement has had mixed results, although more recent studies have suggested that the specific design is important for performance to be enhanced (Briggs and Wohlstetter, 2003;Fullan and Watson, 2000;Leithwood and Jantzi, 2006;see Maslowski et al, 2007). Another body of evidence uses achievement data derived from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), which assesses 15 year old pupils' performance in reading, mathematical, and scientific literacy (OECD, 2001(OECD, , 2007a(OECD, , 2007b.…”