“…Prior researches have mainly concentrated on investigating the determinants of collaborative inquiry-based learning, with a few examples being social annotation (SoAn) tools as a facilitative agent (Chan & Pow, 2020) computer technology related support (Lämsä, Hämäläinen, Koskinen, & Viiri, 2018;Pietarinen, Palonen, & Vauras, 2021) and the association of learning methodologies and high-order thinking (Lu, Pang, & Shadiev, 2021). It should be mentioned, however, that some research has shown collaborative inquiry-based learning to be the only factor directly and indirectly influencing higher order thinking skills (Liu, Liu, Wang, Li, & Xu, 2023). Nonetheless, there remains a gap in research regarding the enhancement of fourth-grade students' mathematical analytical thinking and reasoning skills through the design of instructional activities rooted in collaborative and inquiry-based learning.…”