Key Issues and Challenges on the Liquefied Natural Gas Value Chain: A Review from the Process Systems Engineering Point of View

Lee, Inkyu; Park, Jinwoo; Moon, Il

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03899

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…• Key Issues and Challenges on the Liquefied Natural Gas Value Chain: A Review from the Process Systems Engineering Point of View [14] • Cold utilization systems of LNG: A review [15] • Economic Process Selection of Liquefied Natural Gas Regasification: Power Generation and Energy…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefied Natural Gas in Mobile Applications—Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2020

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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is one of the most influential fuels of the 21st century, especially in terms of the global economy. The demand for LNG is forecasted to reach 400 million tonnes by 2020, increasing up to 500 million tonnes in 2030. Due to its high mass and volumetric energy density, LNG is the perfect fuel for long-distance transport, as well as for use in mobile applications. It is also characterized by low levels of emissions, which is why it has been officially approved for use as a marine fuel in Emission Control Areas (ECAs) where stricter controls have been established to minimize the airborne emissions produced by ships. LNG is also an emerging fuel in heavy road and rail transport. As a cryogenic fuel that is characterized by a boiling temperature of about 120 K (−153 °C), LNG requires the special construction of cryogenic mobile installations to fulfill conflicting requirements, such as a robust mechanical construction and a low number of heat leaks to colder parts of the system under high safety standards. This paper provides a profound review of LNG applications in waterborne and land transport. Exemplary constructions of LNG engine supply systems are presented and discussed from the mechanical and thermodynamic points of view. Physical exergy recovery during LNG regasification is analyzed, and different methods of the process are both analytically and experimentally compared. The issues that surround two-phase flows and phase change processes in LNG regasification and recondensation are addressed, and technical solutions for boil-off gas recondensation are proposed. The paper also looks at the problems surrounding LNG installation data acquisition and control systems, concluding with a discussion of the impact of LNG technologies on future trends in low-emission transport.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefied Natural Gas in Mobile Applications—Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2020

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“…In recent years, there has been growing interest in the consumption of natural gas [1] as markets continue to expand [2,3]. Global consumption of natural gas increased by 1.7% in 2015, representing 23.8% of primary energy consumption [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shuffled Complex Evolution-Based Performance Enhancement and Analysis of Cascade Liquefaction Process for Large-Scale LNG Production

et al. 2020

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Among all large-scale natural gas (NG) liquefaction processes, the mixed fluid cascade (MFC) process is recognized as a best-alternative option for the LNG production, mainly due its competitive performance. However, from a thermodynamic point of view, the MFC process is still far from its potential maximum energy efficiency due to non-optimal execution of design variables. Therefore, the energy efficiency enhancement of the MFC process remains an ongoing issue. The design optimization after fixing the main configuration of the process is one of the most economic, but challenging exercises during the design stages. In this study, shuffled complex evolution (SCE) is studied to find the optimal design of the MFC process corresponding to minimal energy consumption in refrigeration cycles. The MFC process is simulated using Aspen Hysys® v10 and then coupled with the SCE approach, which is coded in MATLAB® 2019a. The refrigerant composition and operating pressures for each cycle of the MFC process were optimized considering the approach temperature inside the LNG heat exchanger as a constraint. The resulting optimal MFC process saved 19.76% overall compression power and reduced the exergy destruction up to 28.76%. The thermodynamic efficiency (figure of merit) of the SCE-optimized process was 25% higher than that of the published base case. Furthermore, the optimization results also imply that there is a trade-off between the thermodynamic performance improvement and the computational cost (no. of iterations). In conclusion, SCE exhibited potential to improve the performance of highly nonlinear and complex processes such as LNG processes.

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“…Several kinds of high energy integrated cryogenic systems have been proposed . But in most cases, the cold energy in the LNG regasification process is recovered by a power generation cycle, which is one of the most effective methods . The Rankine cycle, with its simple structure and mature technology, has been studied by most scholars at present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Economic Optimization of the Multistage Condensation Rankine Cycle That Utilizes LNG Cold Energy: Considerations on Working Fluids and Cycle Configurations

Yuan

Song

Zhang

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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To improve the performance of LNG cold energy power generation systems, scholars have made great efforts to enhance the cycle configuration and select the suitable working fluid. In this process, the improvement of the configuration and the selection of the working fluid are mostly independent, so that the possibility of missing the optimal combination is great. To solve the problem, the superstructures of the two-stage condensation Rankine cycle (2C-ORC) and the three-stage condensation Rankine cycle (3C-ORC) are established in this work, which contain different compression and expansion layouts. The selection coefficients of the working fluids are also introduced at the same time, which can optimize the compositions of mixed working fluids. In this way, the system configuration improvement and working fluid selection can be realized simultaneously. In this work, the net power output and the total cost are taken as the objective functions for the single-objective optimization, respectively. The optimal cycle configurations and mixed working fluids respectively corresponding to the maximum net power output and the minimum total investment cost are determined under different LNG regasification pressures. Then multiobjective optimization is carried out to determine the optimal design parameters under different LNG regasification pressures. The results show that when the LNG gasification pressure is 70 bar, 30 bar, 25 bar, and 6 bar, the maximum net power output of 3C-ORC is 6.21%, 3.24%, 2.25%, and 2.86% higher than that of 2C-ORC, respectively, and the minimum cost of 2C-ORC is 33.60%, 32.13%, 27.70%, and 27.93% lower than that of 3C-ORC, respectively. Finally, after the comprehensive consideration for the economy and generating capacity, at any gasification pressure of LNG, 2C-ORC of a binary mixture with C2H4 or C2H6 as the main component is recommended.

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Key Issues and Challenges on the Liquefied Natural Gas Value Chain: A Review from the Process Systems Engineering Point of View

Cited by 63 publications

References 100 publications

Liquefied Natural Gas in Mobile Applications—Opportunities and Challenges

Liquefied Natural Gas in Mobile Applications—Opportunities and Challenges

Shuffled Complex Evolution-Based Performance Enhancement and Analysis of Cascade Liquefaction Process for Large-Scale LNG Production

Energy and Economic Optimization of the Multistage Condensation Rankine Cycle That Utilizes LNG Cold Energy: Considerations on Working Fluids and Cycle Configurations

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