Key maize production constraints and farmers’ preferred traits in the mid-altitude maize agroecologies of northern Tanzania

Nyaligwa, Lameck; Shimelis, Hussein; Laing, Mark; Ghebrehiwot, Habteab M.; Amelework, Beyene

doi:10.1080/02571862.2016.1151957

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Kernels can be consumed off the cob, parched, boiled, fried, roasted, ground, and fermented for use in breads, porridges, gruels, cakes, and alcoholic beverages (Nuss and Tanumihardjo 2010). It is reported that maize delivers almost 30% of the daily calories for >4.5 billion individuals in 94 low-income countries (Nyaligwa et al 2017;Oyewo 2011). The estimated amount of provitamin A that needs be consumed to result in 1 lg of active vitamin A (retinol) is 12 lg for b-carotene (12:1 retinol activity equivalency ratio) and 24 lg for a-carotene and b-cryptoxanthin (24:1 retinol activity equivalency ratio) (Institute of Medicine 2001).…”

Section: Contribution To Human Nutrient Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of micronutrient deficiencies and analysis of maize contribution to nutrient requirements of women and children in Eastern and Southern Africa

Galani

Orfila

Gong

2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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This paper reviews and analyses the importance of maize as staple food in Eastern and Southern Africa (E&SA) and contributes in understanding the nexus between maize nutritional composition and prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) in these regions. MNDs remain a major public health concern particularly for women and children, with calcium, iodine, iron, selenium, zinc, folate and vitamin A deficiencies being the most common. Estimates of their prevalence are among the highest in E&SA: iron-deficient anemia affected 26 to 31% of women of reproductive age, and deficiencies up to 53%, 36%, 66%, 75% and 62% for vitamin A, iodine, zinc, calcium and selenium, respectively, were measured in populations of these regions. Besides, these two regions show the highest worldwide maize per capita consumption (g/person/day) as main staple, with 157 in Eastern Africa and 267 in Southern Africa, including up to 444 in Lesotho. The analysis of food composition tables from these regions showed that 100 g of maize foods consumed by these populations could to some extent, contribute in satisfying dietary reference intakes (DRIs) of children and women in energy, proteins, carbohydrates, magnesium, zinc, vitamins B1 and B6. However, it provides very low supply of fats, calcium, sodium, selenium, vitamins C, A and E. The high occurrence of MNDs and considerable nutritional potential of maize consumed in E&SA can be explained by loss of nutrients due to processing practices, low food diversification and reduced nutrients bioavailability. Success cases of the main strategies to tackle the issue of MNDs in these regions by improving maize nutritional quality are discussed in this paper. Maize fortification was shown to improve nutrition and health outcomes of population. Increasing dietary diversity by complementing maize with other foods has improved nutrition through integration of micronutrient-rich foods in the diet. Mostly, biofortification has successfully contributed in reducing vitamin A and zinc deficiencies in rural communities more than nutrient supplementation, fortification and dietary diversity.

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Section: Contribution To Human Nutrient Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of micronutrient deficiencies and analysis of maize contribution to nutrient requirements of women and children in Eastern and Southern Africa

Galani

Orfila

Gong

2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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“…Plant height, grain yield, and taste of maize meal were also rated better for DroughtTEGO hybrids (Table 2). Other studies have reported that farmers rated high grain yield, disease resistances, good grain milling quality, and drought tolerance to be the most important traits in adoption of new maize hybrids (Wang et al, 2017; Nyaligwa et al, 2016; Afriyie‐Debrah et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drought and heat stresses suppress maize productivity (Jaleel et al, 2009; Tai et al, 2011; Aslam et al, 2015) and can reduce yields up to 100% (Jones and Thornton, 2003). Other constraints limiting yields include pests and diseases (Shiferaw et al, 2011; Abera et al, 2013, Ndwiga et al, 2013; Nyaligwa et al, 2016); growing old hybrid varieties/landraces; poor agronomic practices (Shiferaw et al, 2011 Abera et al, 2013; Nyaligwa et al, 2016; Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2017); and low soil fertility (Papanastassiou, 2012; Wambugu et al, 2012). Development of varieties that are resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses is a key strategy to mitigate constraints to maize production (Jones and Thornton, 2003; Shiferaw et al, 2011) and reduce the pressure to conversion of non‐cultivated areas to annual crops (Jones and Thornton, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

On‐farm Performance and Farmers’ Perceptions of DroughtTEGO‐Climate‐Smart Maize Hybrids in Kenya

et al. 2019

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Maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in the sub‐Saharan Africa is constrained by biotic and abiotic stresses that reduce yield. In the region, one of the most serious abiotic factor is frequent intermittent droughts, which has been attributed to climate change. The purpose of this paper was to use on‐farm demonstration studies and farmer field days to demonstrate new drought mitigation technology and provide information on how small farmers can reduce yield losses. A total of 4814 demonstration plots of 39 DroughtTEGO maize hybrids and 19 commercial check hybrids were established in 17 counties across the low‐to‐mid‐altitude maize‐growing agroecologies of Kenya between 2015 and 2017. A total of 246 field‐day workshops were conducted. Combined analyses across years and locations showed that top five DroughtTEGO hybrids increased maize yields 33 to 54% (5.5–6.3 Mg ha−1) relative to conventional hybrids. The highest yield advantage of DroughtTEGO hybrids over commercial checks was observed in the drier lower eastern region in Kenya. Farmers particularly women, preferred the DroughtTEGO hybrids because of the stay‐green character, whiteness of flour (milling quality), root lodging resistance, drought‐tolerance and shelling percentage. Results from this study suggested that smallholder farmers can reduce the impact of drought by seeding drought‐tolerant maize hybrids. Core Ideas High yields and farmer‐preferred traits determine adoption of new varieties. Conducting on‐farm demonstrations can overcome adoption barriers. Planting of drought‐tolerant hybrids mitigates drought stress for smallholder‐farmers.

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“…Given the two growing seasons per annum, it is available throughout the year as a staple food. It supplies 15% of protein and 30% of caloric requirements for the world population daily (Nyaligwa et al, 2017). Maize grain can be ground in making tortillas, bread, cakes, beverages, gruel, and porridges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gge Biplot Analysis for Zinc Quality and Yield Stability of Exotic Maize Hybrids

KHAN¹,

ASLAM²,

BIBI³

et al. 2023

SABRAOJBG

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Zinc deficiency is one of the major causes of malnutrition in the communities due to the consumption of zinc-deficient staple food. With accessibility and affordability, biofortification is an agricultural intervention beneficial for all the stakeholders involved as any actor. A total of 16 exotic zinc biofortified maize hybrids developed at different maize research stations of CIMMYT got introduced and evaluated across three separate locations in major maize growing areas of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), i.e., Faisalabad, Sahiwal, and Nowshera. The decision to introduce exotic zinc-enriched maize germplasm in Pakistan, in collaboration with CIMMYT, Mexico, came from the findings of a related research work—evaluation of diverse indigenous maize germplasm; however, none of the entry qualified for suggested biofortification standard, i.e., 33 mg/kg zinc. Introducing exotic material depends upon its yield stability in the new environment. Therefore, stability analysis is mandatory. Using genotype and genotype into environment (GGE) biplot analysis found the GEI (genotype × environment interaction). Exotic hybrids G16, G4, and G1 performed superior and stable in test environments for studied traits, especially for average grain yield per plant and grain zinc content. These three hybrids gained strong\ recommendations for introduction in Pakistan.

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Key maize production constraints and farmers’ preferred traits in the mid-altitude maize agroecologies of northern Tanzania

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

A review of micronutrient deficiencies and analysis of maize contribution to nutrient requirements of women and children in Eastern and Southern Africa

A review of micronutrient deficiencies and analysis of maize contribution to nutrient requirements of women and children in Eastern and Southern Africa

On‐farm Performance and Farmers’ Perceptions of DroughtTEGO‐Climate‐Smart Maize Hybrids in Kenya

Gge Biplot Analysis for Zinc Quality and Yield Stability of Exotic Maize Hybrids

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