Key morphologic changes and DNA strand breaks in human lymphoid cells: Discriminating apoptosis from necrosis

Fairbairn, Daryl W.; Walburger, David K.; Fairbairn, Joshua James; O’Neill, Kim L.

doi:10.1002/sca.1996.4950180603

Cited by 81 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…One of the mechanisms of carcinogenicity is induction of DNA damage can be determined by comet assay, which is widely used for the detection and measurement of DNA strand breaks 19,20 . In this respect, to investigate whether nano-silica and its bio-degradation products induce DNA strand breaks, the comet assay was performed in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells and human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells following guideline recommended by IWGTP 21 .…”

Section: Induction Of Dna Damage Of Nano-silica Using Comet Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity of nano-silica in mammalian cell lines

Choi

Kim

Song

et al. 2011

Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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Nanomaterials are defined by the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative as materials that have at least one dimension in the 1-to 100-nm range. Due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics, nanotechnology has become one of the leading technologies over the past 10 years. This study represents data on genotoxic effects of nanoparticles and their application for assessing human health risks. Silica (SiO 2 ) is a multi-functional ceramic material that is being used in various industries to improve surfaces and mechanical properties of diverse materials, such as paints and coatings, plastics, synthetic rubber, adhesives, sealants, or insulation materials. However, recent studies have shown that nano-sized silica (nano-silica) (10 nm in diameter) can generate adverse effects, like liver injury and inflammation. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nano-silica were investigated using the dye exclusion assay, comet assay, and mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (tk +/-) mouse lymphoma assay (MLA). IC 20 of nano-silica in L5178Y cells was determined to be of 2,441.41 μg/mL and 2,363.28 μg/mL without and with S-9, respectively. Also IC 20 of nano-silica in BEAS-2B cells was determined to be of 2,324.23 μg/mL and 537.11 μg/mL without and with S-9, respectively. In the comet assay, treating L5178Y cells and BEAS-2B cells with nanosilica treatment induced approximately 2-fold increases in tail moment (P⁄0.05) without and with S-9. Also, the mutant frequencies in the nano-silica treated L5178Y cells were not significantly increased compared to the solvent controls. The results of this study indicate that nano-silica can cause primary DNA damage and cytotoxicity but not mutagenicity in cultured mammalian cells.

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Section: Induction Of Dna Damage Of Nano-silica Using Comet Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity of nano-silica in mammalian cell lines

Choi

Kim

Song

et al. 2011

Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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“…One of the mechanisms of carcinogenicity is induction of DNA damage can be determined by comet assay, which is widely used for the detection and measure- ment of DNA strand breaks 18,19 . In this respect, to investigate whether silica nanoparticles induce DNA strand breaks, the comet assay was performed in SH-SY5Y cells following guideline recommended by IWGTP 20 .…”

Section: Induction Of Dna Damage Of Silica Nanoparticles Using Comet mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by silica nanomaterials in human neuronal cell line

Kim

Park

et al. 2010

Mol. Cell. Toxicol.

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Nanotechnology is a highly promising molecular technology which may present a variety of hazards for environmental and human health. In this study, we investigated about the cytotoxicity and the mechanisms of action of LUDOX ® silica nanoparticles (commercial colloidal silica nanoparticles in aqueous phase) with three different types (different size, stabilizers, and coating materials) in human neuronal cell line. Various dosages were treated for different incubation times and measured cell viability with MTT assay. Our results show that alumina coated smaller LUDOX ® CL (13.3 nm) is less toxic than LUDOX ® AS-20 (16.9 nm) and AM (15.3 nm) in neuronal cells. We measured the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to investigate the mechanism of cell death induced by LUDOX ® nanoparticles. Treatment of 48 h of silica AS-20 and AM induced the production of ROS with a dose-dependent relationship. This treatment also did induce DNA-double strand breaks. Cells exposed to alumina coated silica nanoparticle showed a less sensitive response than those exposed to uncoated silica. Nevertheless, the parameters tested were rather limited in terms of gaining a full understanding of the oxidative stress and cellular response due to exposure to silica nanoparticles. Further studies on the mechanism to more clearly elucidate the silica induced neuronal cell death, as well as on the relationship between the physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity are warranted to gain an understanding of the phenomenon of different sensitivities of various silica nanoparticles.

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“…A more diffi cult problem is standardization of the parameters commonly used to measure DNA damage in this assay [18][19][20]. Singh et al developed the alkaline version of the Comet Assay in which they used the length of DNA migration (tail length) to quantify the extent of damage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the comet assay method in clinical studies

Fikrová

Štětina

Hronek

et al. 2011

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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The comet assay or single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay is now widely accepted as a standard method for assessing DNA damage in individual cells. It finds use in a broad variety of applications including human biomonitoring, genotoxicology, ecological monitoring and as a tool for investigation of DNA damage and repair in different cell types in response to a range of DNA-damaging agents. The comet assay should be eminently suitable for use in clinical practice since it is a relatively simple and inexpensive technique which requires only a few cells, and results can be obtained within a matter of hours. This method can be used in the study of cancer as well as in lifestyle and dietary studies. In cancer it is useful for measuring DNA damage before, throughout and after therapy (either radiotherapy or chemotherapy). Another use of this method is in lifestyle study, such as investigation of the effect on DNA of common human activities (e.g. smoking, or working with a potentially genotoxic agent). The final use of comet assay in this paper is dietary study. In this type of study we observe the effects of consumption of specific foods or supplements which may be protective for DNA against damage.

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Key morphologic changes and DNA strand breaks in human lymphoid cells: Discriminating apoptosis from necrosis

Cited by 81 publications

References 48 publications

Genotoxicity of nano-silica in mammalian cell lines

Genotoxicity of nano-silica in mammalian cell lines

Comparative study of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by silica nanomaterials in human neuronal cell line

Application of the comet assay method in clinical studies

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