Key Performance Indicators of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Wintering in a Pond and RAS under Different Feeding Schemes

Abstract

Overwintering impacts common carp performance, yet the nature of changes is not known. The aim of the study was to compare the zootechnical and key performance indicators (KPI) of Cyprinus carpio wintering in a pond with no supplementary feeding (MCF), in a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) fed typical (30% of protein and 8% of fat) carp diet (AFC), and in a RAS fed high protein (42%) and fat (12%) diet (ABF). The analysis showed that ABF fish had the highest final body weight and the Fulton’s condition factor, as well as the lowest food conversion rate compared with AFC and MCF fish. Histomorphological assessment revealed that MCF fish had thinner skin layers, a depleted population of mucous cells in skin, an excessive interlamellar mass in the gills, and no supranuclear vacuoles in the intestine compared to fish from RAS. At the molecular level, higher transcript levels of il-1β and il-6 transcripts were found in the gills of MCF than in fish from RAS. The transcript level of the intestinal muc5b was the highest in ABF fish. Relative expression of il-1β and il-6 in gills were presumably the highest due to lamellar fusions in MCF fish. Described KPIs may assist carp production to ensure sustainability and food security in the European Union.

Freshwater Aquaculture Development in EU and Latin-America: Insight on Production Trends and Resource Endowments

“…Among countries that have a TRWR value of less than 4000 m 3 /capita/year, it can be seen that countries where carp-based pond aquaculture is dominant (Czechia, Poland, Bulgaria) increased their production, while per-capita aquaculture output fell in countries, where aquaculture sector is based on flow-through through systems (France, Germany, Italy, and Spain). Considering that flow-through systems (with a footprint of >50 m 3 /kg) are more sensitive to water stress than carp-based pond farming (~20 m 3 /kg), aquaculture development patterns can be partly explained by the difference in the degree of vulnerability of different systems to temporal water shortages, which are more frequent with climate change [25,[56][57][58][59].…”

Plant‐based feed additives in Cyprinus carpio aquaculture

“…Carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) in particular fits perfectly in this category because it can depend on natural prey as its source of protein and cereals as supplementary feeds as illustrated in the European carp pond aquaculture. As of 2018, common carp contributed 7.7% (4.2 Mt) to the total global finfish production 3 . It is foreseen that the demand for carps is likely to increase in the future when there is less fishmeal to sustain fishmeal‐dependent aquaculture 4–6 .…”

“…As of 2018, common carp contributed 7.7% (4.2 Mt) to the total global finfish production. 3 It is foreseen that the demand for carps is likely to increase in the future when there is less fishmeal to sustain fishmeal-dependent aquaculture. [4][5][6] However, the digestion of feed ingredients and nutrients by carps has been a major subject of discussion lately as carps lack true stomach and the right gastric pH for acid-peptic digestion, acid lysis of plants and invertebrate tissues and phosphorus uptake.…”