“…For example, poor value-chain integration, economic benefits’ uncertainty, lack of infrastructure, job disruptions, resistance to change [ 14 ], cybersecurity issues, standardization problems, lack of skilled workforce [ 15 , 16 ], expiration of existing business models [ 17 ] and organizational resistance at both employee and middle management level [ 8 ] may be particular issues/psychological barriers. Similarly, some factors positively affect i4.0 adoption, such as human resources, production systems-based resources, project management resources, management leadership-based resources, green logistics & design resources, information technology, big data analytics, and collaborative relationships [ 18 ]. However, psychological and behavioral barriers have not been appropriately addressed in the literature [ 19 ].…”