Key role of scale morphology in flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) in the ability to keep sand

Spinner, Marlene; Kortmann, Mareike; Traini, Camille; Gorb, Stanislav N.

doi:10.1038/srep26308

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It has also been speculated that bony plates may provide a defense against predation (Spinner et al, 2016), as in three-spined Gasterosteus aculeatus (Barrett, 2010) and nine-spined Pungitius pungitius (Merilä, 2013) sticklebacks. Baltic flounders show high variability in terms of numbers of bony plates, exhibiting phenotypes 1-4 described by Voronina (1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flounders' bony plates are modified scales with ctenial spines that retain a thin layer of sediment over the eye side of the fish, helping in camouflage (Spinner et al, 2016). It has also been speculated that bony plates may provide a defense against predation (Spinner et al, 2016), as in three-spined Gasterosteus aculeatus (Barrett, 2010) and nine-spined Pungitius pungitius (Merilä, 2013) sticklebacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Platichthys solemdali sp. nov. (Actinopterygii, Pleuronectiformes): A New Flounder Species From the Baltic Sea

et al. 2018

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The European flounder Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) displays two contrasting reproductive behaviors in the Baltic Sea: offshore spawning of pelagic eggs and coastal spawning of demersal eggs, a behavior observed exclusively in the Baltic Sea. Previous studies showed marked differences in behavioral, physiological, and life-history traits of flounders with pelagic and demersal eggs. Furthermore, a recent study demonstrated that flounders with pelagic and demersal eggs represent two reproductively isolated, parapatric species arising from two distinct colonization events from the same ancestral population. Using morphological data we first established that the syntypes on which the original description of P. flesus was based belong to the pelagic-spawning lineage. We then used a combination of morphological and physiological characters as well as genome-wide genetic data to describe flounders with demersal eggs as a new species:Platichthys solemdali sp. nov. The new species can be clearly distinguished from P. flesus based on egg morphology, egg and sperm physiology as well as via population genetic and phylogenetic analyses. While the two species do show some minor morphological differences in the number of anal and dorsal fin rays, no external morphological feature can be used to unambiguously identify individuals to species. Therefore, we developed a simple molecular diagnostic test able to unambiguously distinguish P. solemdali from P. flesus with a single PCR reaction, a tool that should be useful to fishery scientists and managers, as well as to ecologists studying these species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platichthys solemdali sp. nov. (Actinopterygii, Pleuronectiformes): A New Flounder Species From the Baltic Sea

et al. 2018

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“…Common dab and flatfish in general, have a fiercely discussed asymmetric morphology, with the pigmented (P) side facing the water column and the non-pigmented (NP) side being in closer interaction with the sediment [18]. Based on these differences, a divergent morphological composition and possibly linked varying susceptibility to the development of skin ulcerations is plausible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrutinizing the triad of Vibrio tapetis, the skin barrier and pigmentation as determining factors in the development of skin ulcerations in wild common dab (Limanda limanda)

Vercauteren

Swaef

Declercq

et al. 2019

Vet Res

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Recently, Vibrio tapetis was isolated for the first time from skin ulcerations in wild-caught common dab ( Limanda limanda ). To further examine its role in the development of these skin lesions, an in vivo experiment was performed. The significance of the skin barrier and in addition the difference between pigmented and non-pigmented side were investigated. Hence, the skin of common dab was treated in three different ways on both the pigmented and non-pigmented side. On a first “treatment zone”, the scales and overlying epidermal tissue were removed whereas in a second zone only the mucus was discarded. The third zone served as a non-treated zone. Thereafter, fish were challenged with V. tapetis . The control group was sham treated. Mortality, clinical signs, severity and size of the developing lesions were recorded. All animals were sacrificed and sampled 21 days post-inoculation. Significantly more fish of the group challenged with V. tapetis died compared to the control group with the highest incidence occurring 4 days post-inoculation. Fish challenged with V. tapetis developed more severe skin ulcerations. In zones where scales and epidermal tissue were removed, the ulcerations were more severe compared to zones where only mucus was eliminated. Ulcerations occurred more frequently, were more severe and larger on the pigmented side. Our data represents prove of V. tapetis as causative agent of ulcerative skin lesions although prior damage of the skin seems to be a major contributing factor. Furthermore, the pigmented side seemed predisposed to the development of skin ulcerations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-019-0659-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The asymmetry of the flatfish is a fiercely discussed subject, and both sides are macroscopically and presumably microscopically distinct. The most apparent microscopic differences are found in pigmentation, mucus‐producing goblet cells (Faílde, Bermúdez, Vigliano, Coscelli, & Quiroga, ) and scale morphology (Spinner, Kortmann, Traini, & Gorb, ). Although we have good indications that the epidermal thickness of both sides is equal (data not shown), the reason for this predisposition hitherto remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinpointing the role of Aeromonas salmonicida in the development of skin ulcerations in common dab (Limanda limanda)

Vercauteren

Swaef

Declercq

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Aeromonas salmonicida was isolated from ulcerations in common dab (Limanda limanda). An experiment was performed to pinpoint its role in ulceration development, considering the importance of the skin barrier and the pigmented and non‐pigmented sides. The skin of dab was treated in three zones, one where scales and epidermis were removed, one where mucus was discarded and one non‐treated zone. Fish were tagged to allow individual identification and challenged with A. salmonicida. Mortality and severity of the developing lesions were recorded for 21 days post‐inoculation. Starting 12 days post‐inoculation, mortality occurred gradually in challenged fish; however, no direct cause could be established. Both control fish and challenged fish developed ulcerations containing A. salmonicida. Sequencing of vapA gene revealed that isolates retrieved from both groups were distinct, suggesting the presence of A. salmonicida prior to the trial. Most ulcerations developed in zones where skin was removed, suggesting that abrasion might be a predisposing factor in ulceration development. Ulcerations were also observed at the insertion site of the tag, where exposed muscle tissue might have favoured the development of ulcerations. In conclusion, A. salmonicida seems to be involved in the development of skin ulcerations in dab, although the exact pathogenesis needs to be elucidated.

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Key role of scale morphology in flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) in the ability to keep sand

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Platichthys solemdali sp. nov. (Actinopterygii, Pleuronectiformes): A New Flounder Species From the Baltic Sea

Platichthys solemdali sp. nov. (Actinopterygii, Pleuronectiformes): A New Flounder Species From the Baltic Sea

Scrutinizing the triad of Vibrio tapetis, the skin barrier and pigmentation as determining factors in the development of skin ulcerations in wild common dab (Limanda limanda)

Pinpointing the role of Aeromonas salmonicida in the development of skin ulcerations in common dab (Limanda limanda)

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