“…This paper builds on existing work by identifying features of the carnivalesque within the context of the evolution of a small-scale festival, the BFF. Event evolution studies are wide-ranging (Higham & Ritchie, 2001;Lade & Jackson, 2004;Quinn, 2006;Sofield, Mei, & Li, 1998;Sofield & Sivan, 2003) and the identification of life cycle stages (Beverland, Hoffman, & Rasmussen, 2001;Richards & Ryan, 2004) is a common theme. Broadly, events evolve through stages of birth, growth, maturity and thereafter, decline or revival and, as such, reflect models drawing upon Levitt's product life cycle (1965) and more lately, Butler's (1980) adaptation to tourism destinations.…”