Key techniques for 5G wireless communications: network architecture, physical layer, and MAC layer perspectives

Abstract

The fourth generation (4G) mobile communication systems are offering service worldwide steadily. Although 4G systems could be loaded with much more services and data than previous systems, there is still a dramatic gap between the people's practical requirements and what can be offered by the 4G technologies. Consequently, the research and development for the fifth generation (5G) systems have already been started. This article presents an overview of potential network architecture and highlights several promising techniques which could be employed in the future 5G systems. These techniques include non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), massive multiple input and multiple output (MIMO), cooperative communications and network coding, full duplex (FD), device-to-device (D2D) communications, millimeter wave communications, automated network organization, cognitive radio (CR), and green communications. The state-of-art and implementation issue of these techniques are also addressed.

On end-to-end approach for slice isolation in 5G networks. Fundamental challenges

“…The solution for some of problems could be using small cells in the mmWave [11]. Attenuation in this frequencies is bigger than in regular wireless networks (2G-4G), but in some windows the propagation parameters are good enough to provide small cell with 200 m range [11].…”

“…Using two types of cells enables architecture, where part of data is transmitted by macro cells (i.e. data from C-Plane, what was described in [11]) and rest of them is transmitted by small cells (i.e. data from U-Plane).…”

“…For instance, NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) assumes that more than one UE receives a message on the same frequency channel, code and time slot [11] and it recognizes messages depending on the signal power level. In this case the Base Stations (BS) must consider UEs membership in slices while frequencies, codes and time slots are assigned to avoid the isolation violation.…”

“…In this case the Base Stations (BS) must consider UEs membership in slices while frequencies, codes and time slots are assigned to avoid the isolation violation. Another technology which could be useful in 5G networks, but which provides new isolation problems is Cognitive Radio [11].…”

IoT’s Tiny Steps towards 5G: Telco’s Perspective

“…Review paper [1,2,10,12, Technical paper [8, Research effectiveness [3][4][5][6][7]9,[11][12][13]29,52, (a) (b) Phase II included the analysis and comparison of papers related to the category of IoT in 5G service classification. Papers were first sorted according to the existing classification criteria of IoT applications in order to underline their deficiencies from telco's perspective.…”