“…Over the last two decades, swarm-based algorithms have attracted more and more attention of researchers, and numerous new swarm-based algorithms have been developed (see Refs. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), 2 ant colony optimization (ACO), 3 arti¯cial bee colony (ABC), 4 arti¯cial¯sh swarm algorithm (AFSA), 5 cuckoo search (CS), 11 bat algorithm (BA), 13 wolf search algorithm (WSA), 14 swallow swarm optimization algorithm (SSO), 15 kinetic energy of gas molecules (KGMO), 16 animal migration optimization (AMO), 17 magnetic optimization algorithm (MOA), 18 ions motion algorithm (IMO), 19 grey wolf optimizer (GWO), 20 ant lion optimizer (ALO), 21¯r e°y algorithm (FA), 22 krill herd (KH), 23 chicken swarm optimization (CSO), 25 ray optimization (RO), 32 black hole (BH), 34 etc. These algorithms mostly mimic the social and individual behavior of swarm, herds, schools, or groups of creatures in nature, or simulate the natural or physical phenomena in the universe.…”