Khat Addiction

Odenwald, Michael; Klein, Axel; Warfa, Nasir

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36391-8_17

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Khat is often consumed by groups of people coming together in a small room and it is perceived as enhancing social interaction and hastening activity performance. It is also used during religious rituals (Gudata et al 2019;Odenwald et al 2021). The legality of khat use is a matter of ongoing debate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes: a meta-analysis

Yitayih

Vanderplasschen

Vandewalle

et al. 2023

Arch Womens Ment Health

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Chewing khat during pregnancy adversely affects maternal and fetal health, but available studies are scarce and inconsistent, and it is difficult to conclude the relationship between khat consumption and perinatal outcomes. We aimed to investigate the available studies on the effect of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes. For this meta-analysis, we conducted a thorough search of articles published in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to the date this search was undertaken (03.01.2022). We used random effect model with the Mantel-Haenszel method to calculate the pooled odds ratio and mean difference. We found that khat use during pregnancy was significantly associated with increased odds of low birth weight (OR:2.51; 95% CI: 1.60 to 3.94), congenital anomalies (OR:3.17; 95% CI: 1.30 to 7.73), premature rupture of membrane (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.50), perinatal mortality (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.03), and lower APGAR scores at the fifth minute (MD: −1.7; 95% CI: −2.32 to −1.07). Also, increased odds for developing maternal psychological stress and anemia were reported in women using khat during pregnancy. There were no statistically significant differences in stillbirth and preterm birth between women using khat during pregnancy and their counterparts. Since prenatal khat use is associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, we strongly recommend equitable and easily accessible health services through the implementation of integrated addiction treatment with maternity services to address khat use during pregnancy and encourage the practice of healthy behavior of women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes: a meta-analysis

Yitayih

Vanderplasschen

Vandewalle

et al. 2023

Arch Womens Ment Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A recent meta-analysis ( 22 ) found a pooled prevalence of CMD among Ethiopian students of 37.73% (95% CI: 30.43, 45.03) and a clear association to khat use (OR 2.01; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.95). Excessive khat use is related to developing an addiction syndrome [for a review, see ( 23 )]. A study conducted in the psychiatric wards of Amanuel and St. Paul hospitals (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) by Fekadu et al ( 24 ) revealed that the most common substance of abuse among psychiatric patients is khat (21%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khat Use Patterns, Associated Features, and Psychological Problems in a Khat-Treatment-Seeking Student Sample of Jimma University, Southwestern Ethiopia

Hassen

Soboka

Widmann

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: Khat (Catha edulis) is a traditionally used substance in African and Arab countries that contains the amphetamine-like alkaloid cathinone. Khat use among Ethiopian students is a growing concern. This study aims to describe khat use, psychological problems, and motivation to change and to determine associated factors of khat use among students from Jimma University seeking psychological assistance.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 717 students from Jimma University, southwestern Ethiopia, who seek assistance to reduce khat use were recruited. The study used Amharic and Afaan Oromoo language versions of common psychological instruments and employed them as part of a comprehensive tablet computer-delivered self-report assessment battery, comprising the SRQ-20, the PCL-5, the LEC-5, the AUDIT, and the SOCRATES-khat. In addition, socio-demographic, economic variables, and functioning problems due to severe mental disorders were assessed. The analysis relied on the data of the 575 included participants and used clinical cut-off values to describe this treatment-seeking sample and hierarchical regression models to determine variables associated with khat use.Results: The sample showed high khat use in the past month (M = 31.55 bundles, SD = 28.53, on M = 15.11 days, SD = 8.54); 17.0% showed highly problematic use. The sample was extremely burdened with comorbid psychiatric problems: 21.6% reported functioning problems due to past mental disorders, 60.2% scored above the cut-off for current common mental disorders, 37.9% screened positive for PTSD, and 47.1% reported hazardous alcohol use. Small to medium intercorrelations between variables were detected, and in hierarchical regression models, higher motivation to change khat use was associated with higher use of the substance.Conclusions: This study clearly shows the need to develop research instruments, screening methods, and assistance services for khat-using students at Jimma University. Study participants' high mental health burden shows the need for targeted intervention programs that go beyond brief interventions for khat use. Furthermore, the study highlights challenges for implementing such services: the barriers to utilization for females and khat users without comorbid mental health problems.

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Metacognition Mediates the Association Between Drug Dependence and Sleep Disturbances: Cross-Sectional Findings Among Khat-Chewing Polysubstance Users

Manzar

Kashoo

Hassen

et al. 2022

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Khat Addiction

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes: a meta-analysis

The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes: a meta-analysis

Khat Use Patterns, Associated Features, and Psychological Problems in a Khat-Treatment-Seeking Student Sample of Jimma University, Southwestern Ethiopia

Metacognition Mediates the Association Between Drug Dependence and Sleep Disturbances: Cross-Sectional Findings Among Khat-Chewing Polysubstance Users

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