Ki‐67/CD3 ratio in the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs

Abstract

Background: T cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) in dogs. Cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) antigen serves as a marker for T cells. In human medicine, Ki-67 is an indicator for cell growth but there are only a few studies in dogs with CIE.Objective: To investigate Ki-67 in relation to T cells as a marker for CIE in dogs.Animals: Eleven dogs with CIE and 6 healthy beagle controls (CO). Methods: Retrospective case-control study. Dogs were clinically assessed by the Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI). Duodenal mucosal biopsy samples were endoscopically obtained for histopathologic examination by means of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association score. Double-labeled immunofluorescence was used to investigate colocalization of Ki-67 and CD3 in epithelium and lamina propria (LP) of villi and crypts.Results: Dogs with CIE had significantly higher clinical score (median, 5.0; interquartile range [IQR], 3-7) compared to CO (all 0; P < .001). The Ki-67/CD3 doublepositive cells were significantly increased in the LP of the crypt region of CIE dogs (0.63 cells/mm 2 ; IQR, 0-0.54) versus CO (0.08 cells/mm 2 ; IQR, 0-0.26; P = .044). A significant correlation was found between CCECAI and the Ki-67/CD3 ratio in the LP of the crypt region (r = 0.670; P = .012) in dogs with CIE.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The Ki-67/CD3 ratio is upregulated in the LP crypt region of dogs with CIE and it correlates with clinical severity. Therefore, Ki-67/CD3 could be a useful tool for detection of CIE.

Relationship between serum cobalamin concentration and endoscopic ileal appearance and histology in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy

“…Predisposed dogs, like German Shepherd dogs (n = 4), Labrador Retrievers (n = 3), Shar Peis (n = 2), Greyhounds (n = 1), and Border Collies (n = 1), represented 16% (11/68) of the study sample in our study. Although we cannot rule out potential selection bias, other studies on CIE described cohorts with a similar proportion of those breeds 3,4,10,17,21,22,25,29,34‐37 . In those in which cobalamin concentration was also detailed, the percentages of hypocobalaminemic dogs 4,10,21,22 were similar to that of our study.…”

“…Although we cannot rule out potential selection bias, other studies on CIE described cohorts with a similar proportion of those breeds. 3,4,10,17,21,22,25,29,[34][35][36][37] In those in which cobalamin concentration was also detailed, the percentages of hypocobalaminemic dogs 4,10,21,22 were similar to that of our study. Only 2 studies reported percentages of dogs with cobalamin <200 ng/L higher (42%) 3 or lower (19%) 17 than that we have observed (30%).…”

Utility of Serum Ki-67 as a Marker for Malignancy in Dogs

“…This may be explained by a proliferation of immune cells in inflammatory processes [38]. Likewise, a higher expression of Ki-67 has been demonstrated in immune-mediated diseases in both humans and dogs [39,40].…”