Kidney development in the first year of life in small-for-gestational-age preterm infants

Hotoura, Efthalia; Argyropoulou, Maria I.; Papadopoulou, Frederica; Giapros, Vasileios; Drougia, Aikaterini; Nikolopoulos, Panayiotis; Andronikou, Styliani

doi:10.1007/s00247-005-1506-7

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…6,7,31 Assessing renal mass by ultrasound is not compromised by differences in sex in renal biometry, 25 which allowed us to use all of the data without considering sex. As expected from earlier observations in children with LBW, [12][13][14] we again observed an impaired kidney size by measuring the mean kidney length and volume. Indeed, in support of the Brenner hypothesis, kidney size inversely correlated with salt sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Among other mechanisms, a congenital nephron deficit postulated by Brenner et al 9 supporting salt and water retention might contribute to this relationship, 10,11 an assumption further supported by observations of an association between LBW and a reduced kidney volume, as measured by ultrasound-based morphometry. [12][13][14] Salt sensitivity is defined as an augmentation of mean arterial pressure on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) during increased salt intake. 15,16 Several mechanisms promoting salt sensitivity have been considered in adults, including a nephron deficit (reduced renal mass).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Salt Sensitivity of Children With Low Birth Weight

et al. 2008

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Abstract-Compromised intrauterine fetal growth leading to low birth weight (Ͻ2500 g) is associated with adulthood renal and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of salt intake on blood pressure (salt sensitivity) in children with low birth weight. White children (nϭ50; mean age: 11.3Ϯ2.1 years) born with low (nϭ35) or normal (nϭ15) birth weight and being either small or appropriate for gestational age (nϭ25 in each group) were investigated. The glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Schwartz formula, and renal size was measured by ultrasound. Salt sensitivity was assigned if mean 24-hour blood pressure increased by Ն3 mm Hg on a high-salt diet as compared with a controlled-salt diet. Baseline office blood pressure was higher and glomerular filtration rate lower in children born with low birth weight as compared with children born at term with appropriate weight (PϽ0.05). Salt sensitivity was present in 37% and 47% of all of the low birth weight and small for gestational age children, respectively, higher even than healthy young adults from the same region. Kidney length and volume (both PϽ0.0001) were reduced in low birth weight children. Salt sensitivity inversely correlated with kidney length (r 2 ϭ0.31; Pϭ0.005) but not with glomerular filtration rate. We conclude that a reduced renal mass in growth-restricted children poses a risk for a lower renal function and for increased salt sensitivity. Whether the changes in renal growth are causative or are the consequence of the same abnormal "fetal programming" awaits clarification. Key Words: arterial hypertension Ⅲ Barker's hypothesis Ⅲ Brenner's hypothesis Ⅲ low birth weight Ⅲ salt sensitivity Ⅲ small for gestational age

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Salt Sensitivity of Children With Low Birth Weight

et al. 2008

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“…The number of infants was selected to allow a minimum of 45-50 measurements for each comparison in any study period, after taking into account the drop-off trends from a previous study of similar design [25]. This number of infants was considered to be sufficient to document a 10% difference in kidney length between groups with a power of >0.90 at a significance level of 0.05.…”

Section: Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney growth in small-for-gestational-age infants: evidence of early accelerated renal growth

Giapros

Drougia

Hotoura

et al. 2006

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

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Background. Very few data are available on longitudinal renal growth in small for gestational age (SGA) infants born at term. The aim of this prospective study was to estimate comparatively the renal growth in SGA infants and in infants born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) during the first 2 years of life. Methods. The study comprised groups of SGA and AGA infants with a gestational age (GA) of 36-41 weeks. The SGA group was classified into two subgroups of symmetrical and asymmetrical neonates according to the ponderal index. Serial renal ultrasonography (US) was performed at the ages of 41 weeks corrected age [GA (in weeks) plus age after birth (in weeks)] and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of chronological age and kidney length (KL) was related to other anthropometric indices. Results. A total of 312 infants participated in the study out of which 197 were SGA, and a total number of 802 measurements were performed. The symmetrical SGA infants and, to a lesser degree, the asymmetrical SGA infants had smaller kidneys at birth compared with the AGA infants (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The symmetrical SGA infants had a lower body weight (BW) (P < 0.001, P < 0.01) and crown-heel length (CHL) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) than controls at the ages of 12 and 24 months of chronological age. The asymmetrical SGA infants had a lower BW (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) than controls at the ages of 12 and 24 months of chronological age. On the contrary, the KL in both SGA groups was not different from that of the AGA infants after the 41st week of corrected age and up to the 2nd year of life. Conclusion. SGA term infants had shorter KL at birth compared with AGA infants but a similar length from the 3rd to the 24th month of life. Early catch-up kidney growth was observed in both SGA groups and is more prominent in the symmetrical SGA infants. This observation may represent either an accelerated renal maturation process or early compensatory kidney hypertrophy in this group of infants.

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“…They found that being SGA was associated with small kidneys at birth and impaired kidney growth in early childhood. Hotoura et al (2005) compared SGA infants with a gestational age of 31 to 36 weeks with a control group of AGA infants. They reported that SGA infants had shorter kidney length at birth compared with AGA infants.…”

Section: The Consequence Of Being Sgamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Birth Weight

Watanabe¹

2012

From Preconception to Postpartum

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Kidney development in the first year of life in small-for-gestational-age preterm infants

Abstract: Kidney length in preterm SGA infants (symmetrical and asymmetrical) follows closely the other auxological parameters during the first year of life.

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Salt Sensitivity of Children With Low Birth Weight

Salt Sensitivity of Children With Low Birth Weight

Kidney growth in small-for-gestational-age infants: evidence of early accelerated renal growth

The Effect of Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Birth Weight

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