Kidney dimensions at sonography: correlation with age, sex, and habitus in 665 adult volunteers.

Emamian, S. A.; Nielsen, Michael Bachmann; Pedersen, Jan Fog; Ytte, L.

doi:10.2214/ajr.160.1.8416654

Cited by 393 publications

(352 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism of handedness-associated thyroid asymmetry. Asymmetry of the location and size of human kidneys is related to the presence and the size of adjacent organs, that is, liver and spleen (Emamian et al, 1993). In this study, most of the subjects had the esophagus deviated to the left (77.4%), which is consistent with a previous report (Ahuja, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Similar observation was found in human kidneys where the right kidney is significantly smaller than the left kidney. This renal asymmetry is suggested to be due to the smaller size of the spleen than the liver, and thus, the left kidney has more space for growth (Emamian et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, besides the association of the CNS and thyroid gland asymmetry, the asymmetry of paired organs may also be associated with the presence and the size of their adjacent organs. For example, it has been found that the right kidney is significantly smaller than the left kidney, and the asymmetry of renal size is suggested to be related to the smaller size of the spleen than the liver, and thus, the left kidney has more space for growth (Emamian et al, 1993). In the neck, the esophagus is commonly deviated to the left (Ahuja, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Asymmetry of Thyroid Lobe Volume in Normal Chinese Subjects: Association with Handedness and Position of Esophagus

Ying

Yung

2008

The Anatomical Record

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This study aimed to investigate the association of handedness and position of esophagus with thyroid size asymmetry. One hundred and five healthy subjects were included, and their occurrence of thyroid nodules and position of the esophagus were assessed with ultrasound. Threedimensional ultrasound was used to measure the volume of the thyroid lobes. The handedness of the subjects was also assessed. Thyroid nodules were found in 43 subjects who were excluded from the study, whereas 62 subjects showed normal thyroid. For normal thyroid, the right lobe (6.8 mL) was significantly larger than the left lobe (5.66 mL) (P < 0.05). Right-handed subjects (mean, 7.11 mL) had a significantly larger right lobe than left-handed subjects (mean, 5.82 mL) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the left lobe volume between right-handers (mean, 5.81 mL) and left-handers (mean, 5.18 mL) (P > 0.05). Subjects with an esophagus deviated to the left (mean, 7.15 mL) had a significantly larger right lobe than those with a centrally located esophagus (mean, 5.7 mL) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the left lobe volume between subjects with different esophageal positions (deviated to left: mean, 5.76 mL; centrally located: mean, 5.19 mL) (P > 0.05). Thyroid asymmetry is associated with the handedness of subjects and the position of the esophagus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetry of Thyroid Lobe Volume in Normal Chinese Subjects: Association with Handedness and Position of Esophagus

Ying

Yung

2008

The Anatomical Record

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“…This would be the case whatever the physiological mechanisms proposed. For example, one reason why researchers might adjust for current weight and height when exploring the relationship between birthweight and blood pressure is the possibility that these influence blood pressure through different physiological mechanisms: weight is known to have a positive association with blood pressure, whereas height is positively correlated with kidney sizes 58 and might thereby influence blood pressure. 59 Notwithstanding the uncertain relation between kidney size and blood pressure, 60 body weight and height are both positively correlated with birthweight and, because both are therefore effectively on the causal pathway from birthweight to blood pressure, it is questionable whether either can be considered true confounders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the effect of adjusting for more than one measure of current body size on the relation between birthweight and blood pressure?

Gilthorpe

Ellison

2006

J Hum Hypertens

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The statistical validity of the negative associations observed between birthweight and disease in later life has recently been questioned, because these associations might be due, in part, to inappropriate adjustment for current body size, creating a statistical artefact known as the 'reversal paradox'. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of adjusting for more than one measure of current body size on the association between birthweight and disease in later life using simulations and meta-analyses of empirical studies. The simulations examined the relation between birthweight and adult systolic blood pressure before and after adjusting for one, two or three measures of current body size by including current weight and subsequently adding body mass index and height in successive analytical models. Meta-analyses were then performed to compare the effect sizes observed among empirical studies reporting associations between birthweight and blood pressure before and after adjusting for one or two measures of current body size. The meta-analyses confirmed the results of the simulations -both showed that associations between birthweight and blood pressure tend to become increasingly negative following adjustment for current body size, and that this effect is enhanced after adjusting for additional measures of current body size.

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“…12 A confident diagnosis of abnormality is only possible if a previous US measurement is available to prove a reduction in length or where there is a marked reduction in renal length in the later stages of the disease. The second difficulty is the reduction in renal length and volume in normal subjects over 70 years of age 12 which is believed to be due to a decrease in the number of glomeruli and a reduction in the mass of the juxtamedullary nephrons. 13 The other problem is that a reduction in renal length can be caused by many other chronic renal parenchymal diseases.…”

Section: Ultrasoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic imaging of renal artery stenosis

Aitchison

Page

1999

J Hum Hypertens

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Many different imaging modalities and techniques have been used in the past for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. The ideal accurate, non-invasive and inexpensive diagnostic test has yet to be found but there have been promising developments during the last few years. In this review we consider in detail the use of the following tests for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis; intravenous urography, B Mode ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, renal scintigraphy with angiotensin-converting

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Kidney dimensions at sonography: correlation with age, sex, and habitus in 665 adult volunteers.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE.The

Cited by 393 publications

References 0 publications

Asymmetry of Thyroid Lobe Volume in Normal Chinese Subjects: Association with Handedness and Position of Esophagus

Asymmetry of Thyroid Lobe Volume in Normal Chinese Subjects: Association with Handedness and Position of Esophagus

What is the effect of adjusting for more than one measure of current body size on the relation between birthweight and blood pressure?

Diagnostic imaging of renal artery stenosis

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