Kidney length normative values — new percentiles by age and body surface area in Central European children and adolescents

Obrycki, Łukasz; Sarnecki, Jędrzej; Lichosik, Marianna; Sopińska, Małgorzata; Placzyńska, Małgorzata; Stańczyk, Małgorzata; Mirecka, Julia; Wasilewska, Anna; Michalski, Maciej; Lewandowska, Weronika; Dereziński, Tadeusz; Pac, Michał; Szwarc, Natalia; Annusewicz, Karol; Rekuta, Viktoriia; Ažukaitis, Karolis; Čekuolis, Andrius; Wierzbicka, Aldona; Jankauskienė, Augustina; Kalicki, Bolesław; Jobs, Katarzyna; Tkaczyk, Marcin; Feber, Janusz; Litwin, Mieczysław

doi:10.1007/s00467-022-05667-2

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The differences between left and right kidney size have been widely discussed in the published literature. In a previous study, the present authors found a signi cant difference between left and right kidney length (mean paired difference = 1.03 mm, p < 0.001), however, the value of absolute difference and the effect size were marginal (Cohen's D = 0.06) and did not correlate with age and height [30,31]. Some studies described larger volumes of the left kidney [1,16,18,25].…”

Section: Left/right Kidneymentioning

confidence: 40%

Kidney volume normative values in Central European children aged 0–19 years: a multicenter study

Obrycki,

Sarnecki,

Pac

et al. 2024

Pediatr Nephrol

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Background and Objecitves: The currently available kidney volume normative values in children are restricted to small populations from single-centre studies not assessing kidney function and including none or only a small number of adolescents. This study aimed to obtain ultrasound-based kidney volume normative values derived from a large European Caucasian paediatric population with normal kidney function.Methods: After recruitment of 1427 children aged 0-19 years, 1396 individuals with no history of kidney disease and normal estimated glomerular ltration rate were selected for the sonographic evaluation of kidney volume. Kidney volume was correlated with age, height, weight, body surface area and body mass index. Kidney volume curves and tables related to anthropometric parameters were generated using the LMS method. Kidney volume predictors were evaluated using multivariate regression analysis with collinearity checks.Results: No clinically signi cant differences in kidney volume in relation to height were found between males and females, between supine and prone position and between left and right kidneys. Males had, however, larger age-related kidney volumes than females in most age categories. For the prediction of kidney volume, the highest coe cient correlation was observed for body surface area (r = 0.94), followed by weight (r = 0.92), height (r = 0.91), age (r = 0.91), and body mass index (r = 0.67; p < 0.001 for all).Conclusions: This study presents LMS-percentile curves and tables for kidney volume which can be used as reference values for children aged 0-19 years.

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Section: Left/right Kidneymentioning

confidence: 40%

Kidney volume normative values in Central European children aged 0–19 years: a multicenter study

Obrycki,

Sarnecki,

Pac

et al. 2024

Pediatr Nephrol

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“…From 30 patients with Persistent/Transient AKI identified, the length of the kidney in the ultrasound image is measured along the longitudinal axis and a comparison of the obtained sizes was made against the normal values of kidney length according to age (Liu and Wang 2020;Obrycki et al 2023), resulting in the distribution of kidney length classification variables as shown in Table 2 below Based on the distribution of the classification variable, increase in kidney length was found dominantly in both the right (56,7%) and left kidneys (60%), furthermore a cross-tabulation was performed against the Persistent/Transient AKI classification group, which can be seen in Table 3 below: Table 3 In those variables, a Spearman test was conducted to determine the strenght of correlation between the variable of kidney length classification and the classification groups of persistent/transient AKI types. The test yielded significant positive correlation results for both the right kidney (p=0.007, correlation coefficient 0.484) and the left kidney (p=0.002, correlation coefficient 0.552).…”

Section: Correlation Characteristic Of Kidney Length Classification T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the length of the kidney in the ultrasound image is measured along the longitudinal axis, the width and thickness of the kidney are measured along the transverse axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (Liu and Wang 2020;Obrycki et al 2023), The right and left kidney volume was calculated using this formula below:…”

Section: Correlation In Characteristics Of Kidney Volume Classificati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Analysis of Ultrasonography Kidney Morphological Profiles and the Classification of Persistent and Transient Acute Kidney Injury (Aki) in Children During the Pandemic Period at the Dr. Soetomo General Teaching Hospital

Harmindasatya, MD,

Violetta, MD,

Dr. Rosy Setiawati, MD

2024

IJRP

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Introduction:During the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in 2022, there were 189 cases of Atypical Progressive Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in children in Indonesia. A phenomenon has been observed where children exposed to COVID-19 accompanied by MIS-C are significantly more at risk of experiencing AKI. The role of Ultrasonography (USG) examination in children is not only to rule out obstructive urinary tract abnormalities but also to provide radiological morphological kidney images consistent with AKI conditions. Morphological features include increased kidney length, echogenicity, volume, and parenchymal thickness. In addition to severity classification (staging), a classification of AKI types in children has been proposed, categorized into Persistent and Transient AKI, referring to recovery time. Recovery is defined as a minimum one-degree decrease in severity according to KDIGO AKI Staging criteria within less than 72 hours. This categorization would facilitate management and etiological evaluation. Aims: This study aims to determine the correlation between kidney morphology ultrasound and the occurrence of persistent/transient AKI classification in children during this research circumtances. Methods: This study employed an analytical observational design with a retrospective approach. The study population comprised all medical record data of pediatric patients diagnosed with AKI aged 0-18 years at Dr. Soetomo General Teaching Hospital to assess the relationship between persistent/transient AKI and kidney morphology on USG during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Result The study indicates a significant correlation between persistent/transient AKI classification groups and the right kidney (p=0.007, correlation coefficient 0.484) and the left kidney (p=0.002, correlation coefficient 0.552), total kidney volume (p=0.008, correlation coefficient 0.546), right kidney parenchymal thickness (p=0.025, correlation coefficient 0.408), left kidney parenchymal thickness (p=0.004, correlation coefficient 0.509), and echogenicity classification of kidney parenchyma (p=0.029, correlation coefficient 0.398). However, there was no significant relationship between persistent/transient AKI classification groups and the variable of obstructive uropathy features(p=0.506). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between Persistent/Transient AKI groups and kidney morphology, specifically in kidney length classification, total kidney volume, kidney parenchymal thickness, and echogenicity classification of kidney parenchyma. However, there is no significant correlation with the variable of obstructive uropathy features.

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“…The ultrasound was used to determine kidney length and parenchymal index, size, and number of the renal cysts. The kidney percentiles were calculated for age, height, and body surface area [29,30].…”

Section: Outcomes and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney Measurement and Glomerular Filtration Rate Evolution in Children with Polycystic Kidney Disease

Stroescu,

Gafencu,

Steflea

et al. 2024

Children

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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited disorder characterized by renal tubular cystic dilatations. The cysts can develop anywhere along the nephron, and over time the cystic dilatation leads to kidney enlargement. On the other hand, the cysts begin to reduce the number of functional nephrons as a consequence of cystic expansion that further contributes to the decline in renal function over the years. The pressure exerted by the dilated cysts leads to compensatory mechanisms that further contribute to the decline in renal function. These structural changes are responsible of glomerular hyperfiltration states, albuminuria, proteinuria, and hematuria. However, the presentation of ADPKD varies in children, from a completely asymptomatic child with incidental ultrasound detection of cysts to a rapidly progressive disease. There have been reports of early onset ADPKD in children younger than 2 years that showed a more rapid decline in renal function. ADPKD is caused by a mutation in PKD1 and PKD2 genes. Today, the PKD1 gene mutation seems to account for up to 85% of the cases worldwide, and it is associated with worse renal outcomes. Individuals with PKD2 gene mutation seem to present a milder form of the disease, with a more delayed onset of end-stage kidney disease. The cardinal sign of ADPKD is the presence of renal cysts during renal ultrasound. The current guidelines provide clinicians the recommendations for genetic testing in children with a positive family history. Given that the vast majority of children with ADPKD present with normal or supra-normal kidney function, we explored the glomerular filtration rates dynamics and the renal ultrasound-adjusted percentiles. In total, 14 out of 16 patients had kidney percentiles over 90%. The gene mutations were equally distributed among our cohort. In addition, we compared the modified Schwartz formula to the quadratic equation after adjusting the serum creatinine measurements. It seems that even though children with ADPKD have enlarged kidneys, the renal function is more likely normal or near normal when the quadratic estimation of glomerular filtration rate is used (qGFR tended to be lower, 111.95 ± 12.43 mL/min/1.73 m2 when compared to Schwartz eGFR 126.28 ± 33.07 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.14). Also, when the quadratic equation was employed, not even a single patient reached the glomerular hyperfiltration threshold. The quadratic formula showed that glomerular filtration rates are linear or slightly decreasing after 1 year of follow-up (quadratic ΔeGFR = −0.32 ± 5.78 mL/min/1.73 m2), as opposed to the Schwartz formula that can falsely classify children in a hyperfiltration state (ΔeGFR = 7.51 ± 19.46 mL/min/1.73 m2), p = 0.019.

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Kidney length normative values — new percentiles by age and body surface area in Central European children and adolescents

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Kidney volume normative values in Central European children aged 0–19 years: a multicenter study

Kidney volume normative values in Central European children aged 0–19 years: a multicenter study

Correlation Analysis of Ultrasonography Kidney Morphological Profiles and the Classification of Persistent and Transient Acute Kidney Injury (Aki) in Children During the Pandemic Period at the Dr. Soetomo General Teaching Hospital

Kidney Measurement and Glomerular Filtration Rate Evolution in Children with Polycystic Kidney Disease

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