Kidney position and the measurement of relative uptake of¹³¹I Hippuran in renography

Abstract

The distribution of kidney position in the sitting posture has been determined in a series of patients presenting for renography, using radiographic and ultrasonic techniques. Both the craniocaudal distribution of kidney centre positions and the distribution of the differences in depth below the posterior skin surface of the two kidney centres have been found to have a significant standard deviation. The effect of these distributions on the measurement of relative effective renal plasma flow by 131-I Hippuran probe renography has been calculated for the situation in which no kidney localizing techniques are used. The resulting error distribution has an SD of 21.7 per cent in the case of equally divided function.

A dynamic renal phantom for nuclear medicine studies

“…[11][12][13] It is necessary to take the kidney depth into consideration to calculate the attenuation correction in order to improve the estimation of GFR. 14 In the human body, the kidney depth varies over a wide range ͑4.3-13.2 cm͒. 10 Stabin et al used depths of 5 -8 cm during calibration working with a kidney phantom.…”

Laparoscopic Nephropexy

“…Kidney fixation was accomplished by suturing the renal capsule to the quadratus lumborum. The sur¬ gical results were characterized by a mean operative time of 4.0 (range 2.5-7) hours, a mean parenteral narcotic requirement of 42.7 mg (range 18.5-80) of morphine sulfate, an estimated blood loss of <50 mL in all cases, a mean of 12.5 (range [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] hours to resumption of oral intake, and a mean hospital stay of 2.5 (range \-<X) days. Patients reported a return to normal ac¬ tivity at a mean of 2.5 (range l^t) weeks, and 100% were asymptomatic at a mean follow-up of 11 (range 2-30) months.…”

Measurement of relative renal function. A comparison of methods and assessment of reproducibility

“…variability may be due to changes in renal depth. Although the variable effect of posture on renal position, renal depth and observed count rate has been documented (Nimmon et al, 1975;Daly et al, 1978), not all of the published comparisons indicate whether or not any correction was made for differences in renal depth. Some do not indicate the posture of the patient during the measurement (Kawamura et al, 1978).…”