Kidney stones in renal transplant recipients: A systematic review

Piana, A.; Basile, G.; Masih, S.; Bignante, G.; Uleri, A.; Gallioli, A.; Prudhomme, T.; Boissier, R.; Pecoraro, A.; Campi, R.; Di Dio, M.; Alba, S.; Breda, A.; Territo, A.

doi:10.1016/j.acuroe.2023.08.003

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…Accordingly, patients with cutting-edge ongoing kidney disease (CKD) or endstage kidney disease (ESRD) may experience less stone disease, revealed to be all around as low as 0.68%. After fruitful kidney transplantation, ESRD patients along these lines significantly improve renal capability, bringing about urinary discharge of metabolites that increase the hazard of stone disease (Piana et al, 2023). Studies have distinguished kidney stones in allograft kidneys as one of the problematic issues in kidney transplant recipients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Kidney Stones in Kidney Transplant Recipients

MANAN,

REHMAN,

ULLAH

et al. 2024

Biol Clin Sci Res J

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The incidence of kidney stones in kidney transplant recipients is a significant concern within the realm of post-transplant complications. The study's main objective is to find the incidence of kidney stones in kidney transplant recipients. This retrospective study was conducted at the Institute of Kidney Diseases Peshawar from 2017 to 2023. Data was collected from 420 kidney transplant patients. All patients above 18 years with available medical records who underwent renal transplants in IKD and outside IKD and who presented to IKD for follow-up were included in the study—patients with a history of kidney stones before the transplant process were excluded. Demographic information, including age, gender, and pre-transplant comorbidities, was recorded for each patient. Data were collected from 420 patients with kidney transplants. Out of 420 patients, 35 patients developed kidney stones after transplantation. The mean age of the patients who developed stones was 48.7 ± 10.2 years. There were 45.7% male and 54.3% female patients in the kidney stone group. 25.7% of patients had pre-transplant DM. Most kidney stones analyzed in the study comprised calcium oxalate, representing 18 cases, followed by calcium phosphate with eight instances. The correlation analysis revealed that age and gender did not significantly correlate with kidney stone formation in transplant patients, with p-values of 0.32 and 0.17, respectively. It is concluded that kidney transplant recipients exhibit a notable incidence of kidney stone formation, with tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimens potentially contributing to this risk. While age and pre-transplant diabetes show trends toward association with kidney stone development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Kidney Stones in Kidney Transplant Recipients

MANAN,

REHMAN,

ULLAH

et al. 2024

Biol Clin Sci Res J

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Renal transplant nephrolithiasis: Presentation, management and follow‐up with control comparisons

Sandberg,

Cohen,

Escott

et al. 2024

BJUI Compass

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ObjectivesTo analyse the presentation, management and long‐term outcomes of renal transplant patients who formed kidney stones in their allograft. The secondary aim was to identify risk factors for stone formation in this cohort.Materials and MethodsPatient information from an institutional renal transplant database was used to identify individuals who both did and did not form kidney stones following renal transplantation. Computerized tomography (CT) imaging was used to make the diagnosis of kidney stones and measure stone size. Age‐ and gender‐matched controls never forming a stone in their allograft were used for comparative analysis to identify risk factors for stone formation in transplant patients.ResultsA total of 8835 transplant patients were included in the study, of which 128 (1.4%) formed a kidney stone in their allograft after surgery. The mean time to kidney stone identification was 6.2 years, and the mean number of stones formed was 1.7, with a mean maximum size dimension on a CT scan of 5.7 mm per stone. A total of 26 patients were subjected to stone‐removing procedures, the most common being ureteroscopy (42.3%). The primary intervention failed in eight patients requiring a secondary intervention, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) had the lowest success rate (60%). A total of 164 controls were identified. In comparison to controls, stone formers had lower serum calcium (p = 0.008), lower estimated glomerular filtration rates (p = 0.019), higher lymphocyte counts (p = 0.021) and greater rate of urinary tract infection (p = 0.003). Graft failure rates were the same (p = 0.524), but time to graft failure was significantly longer in stone patients compared with controls (p = 0.008).ConclusionsThe rate of stone formation is low in transplant patients. Success rates for stone treatment vary based on the surgery selected, with PCNL being the worst. Graft survival rates were equivocal, but survival time was better in stone patients. Our analysis calls for further investigation of this important topic.

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