Kidneys

Treves, S. Ted; Harmon, William; Packard, Alan B.; Kuruc, Alvin

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-32322-0_10

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Early 99m Tc-MAG3 studies on the newborn or infant with hydronephrosis may reveal obstruction, an intermediate pattern, or a dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system without obstruction. Early findings are not generally predictive of the ultimate outcome but are considered a useful snapshot in time during renal maturation (54)(55)(56)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64). If immediate surgical intervention is not indicated after the initial study, reassessment in 3-6 mo should be considered.…”

Section: Kidneysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Medicine in the First Year of Life

Treves¹,

Baker²,

Fahey³

et al. 2011

J Nucl Med

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Learning Objectives: On successful completion of this activity, participants should be able to describe, for children less than 1 y old, (1) the wide variety of nuclear medicine indications; (2) the nuclear medicine studies, relative to other imaging methods, that can provide the highest diagnostic yield; (3) how to obtain high-quality nuclear medicine examinations at the lowest radiation exposures; (4) how growth and development affect the appearance, and therefore the interpretation, of nuclear medicine images; and (5) special care needed, such as patient preparation, immobilization, distraction techniques, environment, sedation or general anesthesia, imaging techniques, image processing, and presentation of results.Financial Disclosure: The authors of this article have indicated no relevant relationships that could be perceived as a real or apparent conflict of interest. CME Credit: SNM is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to sponsor continuing education for physicians. SNM designates each JNM continuing education article for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit. Physicians should claim only credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.For CE credit, participants can access this activity through the SNM Web site (http://www.snm.org/ce_online) through June 2012.Nuclear medicine has an important role in the care of newborns and children less than 1 y old. Patients in this age group present with a spectrum of diseases different from those of older children or adults. These patients can benefit from the full range of nuclear medicine studies. In these young children, nuclear medicine studies are more likely to be used to evaluate a wide range of congenital conditions but also can be helpful for evaluating acquired conditions such as infection, cancer, and trauma. This review first will cover the general aspects of nuclear medicine practice with these patients, including the special considerations that can help achieve successful diagnostic imaging. These topics will include clinical indications, imaging technology, instrumentation, software, positioning and immobilization, sedation, local and general anesthesia, radiopharmaceutical doses, radiation risk, and dose reduction. The review then will discuss the specific nuclear medicine studies that typically are obtained in patients in this age group. With extra care and attention to the special needs of this population, nuclear medicine departments can successfully study patients less than 1 y old.

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Section: Kidneysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Medicine in the First Year of Life

Treves¹,

Baker²,

Fahey³

et al. 2011

J Nucl Med

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“…For this reason, watchful-waiting approach is preferred primarily [14]. Radionuclide scintigraphy shows the presence and severity of obstruction as functionally in hydronephrosis cases caused by obstructions in ureteropelvic junctions [3]. Therefore, it is one of the most important imaging methods to be used in the diagnosis and following of UPJO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dynamic renal scintigraphy, the first finding in hydronephrotic kidneys is the decrease of radiotracer in similar amounts in renal pelvis and collecting system in the area surrounding renal parenchyma. The amount of retained radiotracer is related to the functioning of hydronephrotic kidney [3]. In severe obstructions, the accumulation of radiotracer in dilated renal pelvis is considerably slow compared to normal kidneys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of two different periods of renal cortical activity ratios in the evaluation of ureteropelvic junction obstruction by dynamic renal scintigraphy

Hasbek¹,

Özdemir²,

Turgut³

et al. 2014

Cumhuriyet Med J

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Aim. The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate whether the renal cortical activity at 1st and 20th minutes in renal scintigraphy can be used as a following parameter to determine the presence of obstruction in pediatric patients group with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Method. The consecutive 322 kidney renograms were included in the study. Standardized diuretic renograms were visually classified into three groups as non-obstructive, obstructive and indetermined according to their responses to the diuretic. In addition, the cortical regions of interest (ROI) were drawn manually at 1st and 20th min for each kidney and the cortical counts were obtained. Apart from this, kidneys were divided into three major sub-groups based on clearance half-time (T1/2); T1/2<10 min was defined as non-obstruction, T1/2>20 min as obstruction and T1/2 with a value between 10 and 20 minutes as an indeterminate result. Afterwards visual obstruction patterns and 1st/20th min. cortical activity ratios were compared. Results. When the cortical activity ratios are compared to visual obstructive pattern(nonobstructive, obstructive and indeterminate); on the Tc99m DTPA renograms the cortical activity ratios which were greater than 82.8% were obstructive, ranging from 59.3% to 82.8% were found indeterminate. On the Tc-99m MAG-3 renograms the cortical activity ratios which were greater than 74.2% were obstructive, ranging from 44.6% to74.2% were found indeterminate. As a result of the comparison of T 1/2 parameter with the obstruction patterns of the kidneys, T1/2 was in indeterminate group in 124 (41.5%) out of 299 kidneys visually evaluated as non-obstructive while in 7 (2.3%) kidneys T1/2 was in obstructive group. In 4 (23.5%) out of 17 kidneys which were visually evaluated as indeterminate, T 1/2 was in normal group, in 5 (29.4%) of them T 1/2 was in indeterminate group and in 8 (47.1%) of the 17 kidneys T1/2 was in obstructive group. Conclusion. We think that the use of 1st/20th min. cortical activity ratios on the diuretic renogram are helpful in establishing a diagnosis of obstruction in pediatric patient group.

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“…It binds for around 10 % to the plasma proteins (Russell et al 1983 ) and is almost exclusively removed from the circulation through glomerular fi ltration, with negligible extrarenal excretion (McAfee et al 1979 ). A maximum of 5 % in each kidney is achieved 2-3 min after injection (Treves et al 2007 ). 99mTc-DTPA has no tubular reabsorption or secretion, with an excellent linear correlation to clearance of other glomerular markers and GFR (Klopper et al 1972 ).…”

Section: Glomerular-filtered Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Medicine

Lopci¹,

Fanti²

2014

Radiological Imaging of the Kidney

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In the era of multimodality imaging techniques, functional information represents a remarkable aspect in medical imaging, and nuclear medicine is the technique par excellence for functional information. One of the fi rst applications of radioactive substances in clinical practice is represented by renal disorders, nowadays largely investigated by nuclear medicine examinations. Among the different physiological processes in which kidneys take part, the excretory process is the main renal function undergoing study, basically in keeping with the characteristics of the tracers utilized in renal nuclear medicine. Investigations utilized are variegated, ranging from radioassays to challenging tests, and match with the diagnostic gap left by the other imaging modalities, by becoming in some cases mandatory.Th e aim of this chapter is to give a summarized overview of renal nuclear medicine and its principal clinical indications that clinicians must be aware of.

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Kidneys

Cited by 6 publications

References 124 publications

Nuclear Medicine in the First Year of Life

Nuclear Medicine in the First Year of Life

Comparison of two different periods of renal cortical activity ratios in the evaluation of ureteropelvic junction obstruction by dynamic renal scintigraphy

Nuclear Medicine

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