Killing Bacterial Spores with Blue Light: When Innate Resistance Meets the Power of Light

Denis, Tyler G. St.; Hamblin, Michael R.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01233.x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Blue-violet light (380–495 nm) is widely used in medicine for treatment of acne [ 29 – 31 ], psoriasis [ 32 , 33 ], atopic dermatitis [ 34 ], and neonatal jaundice [ 35 ] and for wound healing [ 36 , 37 ]. Moreover, the skin exposure to blue light results in antibacterial [ 38 – 40 ], antimicrobial [ 36 , 41 ], and anti-inflammatory [ 42 ] effects. The side effects of blue-light therapy of neonates [ 43 ], suppression of dendritic cell activation [ 44 ] and effect on human dermal fibroblasts [ 45 , 46 ] were also reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue-Violet Light Irradiation Dose Dependently Decreases Carotenoids in Human Skin, Which Indicates the Generation of Free Radicals

Vandersee

Beyer

Lademann

et al. 2015

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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In contrast to ultraviolet and infrared irradiation, which are known to facilitate cutaneous photoaging, immunosuppression, or tumour emergence due to formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, potentially similar effects of visible light on the human skin are still poorly characterized. Using a blue-violet light irradiation source and aiming to characterize its potential influence on the antioxidant status of the human skin, the cutaneous carotenoid concentration was measured noninvasively in nine healthy volunteers using resonance Raman spectroscopy following irradiation. The dose-dependent significant degradation of carotenoids was measured to be 13.5% and 21.2% directly after irradiation at 50 J/cm² and 100 J/cm² (P < 0.05). The irradiation intensity was 100 mW/cm². This is above natural conditions; the achieved doses, though, are acquirable under natural conditions. The corresponding restoration lasted 2 and 24 hours, respectively. The degradation of cutaneous carotenoids indirectly shows the amount of generated free radicals and especially reactive oxygen species in human skin. In all volunteers the cutaneous carotenoid concentration dropped down in a manner similar to that caused by the infrared or ultraviolet irradiations, leading to the conclusion that also blue-violet light at high doses could represent a comparably adverse factor for human skin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue-Violet Light Irradiation Dose Dependently Decreases Carotenoids in Human Skin, Which Indicates the Generation of Free Radicals

Vandersee

Beyer

Lademann

et al. 2015

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…greatly reduce blue light killing of growing cells or spores (40). Importantly, killing of wild-type and ␣ Ϫ /␤ Ϫ spores by blue light was minimal under anoxic conditions (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Role of DNA Repair and Protective Components in Bacillus subtilis Spore Resistance to Inactivation by 400-nm-Wavelength Blue Light

Djouiai

Thwaite

Laws

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The high intrinsic decontamination resistance of Firmicutes spores, is important medically (disease) and commercially (food spoilage). Effective methods of spore eradication would be of considerable interest in the health care and medical products industries; particularly if the decontamination method effectively killed spores while remaining benign to both humans and sensitive equipment. Intense blue light at ∼ 400 nm is one such treatment that has drawn significant interest. This work has determined the resistance of spores to blue light in an extensive panel of strains, including wild-type strains and mutants that: i) lack protective components such as the spore coat and its pigment (s) or the DNA protective α/β-type small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP); ii) have an elevated spore core water content; or iii) lack enzymes involved in DNA repair, including homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining (HR and NHEJ), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases, nucleotide- and base excision repair (NER& BER), translesion synthesis (TLS) by Y-family DNA polymerases and spore photoproduct (SP) removal by SP lyase (SPL). The most important factors in spore blue light resistance were determined to be: spore coats/pigmentation, α/β-type SASP, NER, BER TLS and SP repair. A major conclusion from this work is that blue light kills spores by DNA-damage, and the results in this work indicate at least some of the specific DNA-damage. It appears that high-intensity blue light could be a significant addition to the agents used to kill bacterial spores in applied settings.Effective methods of spore inactivation would be of considerable interest in the health care and medical products industries; particularly if the decontamination method effectively killed spores while remaining benign to both humans and sensitive equipment. Intense blue light radiation is one such treatment that has drawn significant interest. In this work in a systematic fashion all known spore protective features, as well as universal and spore-specific DNA repair mechanisms were tested on their contribution to the resistance of spores to blue light radiation.

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“…New disinfecting methods using less chemicals have been introduced recently, and there are two main methods: using high‐intensity 405 nm light might be one solution to combat B. anthracis spore exposure (Helgason et al, ; Nicholson & Galeano, ; Sagripanti et al, ; St Denis, Dai, & Hamblin, ). Hydrogen peroxide used as “Dry gas” vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) system has been shown to be effective against for example Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma, Acinetobacter, Clostridium difficile—B.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atypical Bacillus anthracis infection in a bull—A potential occupational health hazard

Friman

Kakko

Constantin³

et al. 2019

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Bacillus anthracis infecting cattle is usually identified based on the typical symptom: sudden death. Bacillus anthracis causing atypical symptoms may remain undiagnosed and represent a potential occupational health hazard for, that is veterinarians and producers, butchers and tanners. In the year 2004, one case of sudden death in a dairy farm in southern Finland was diagnosed as bovine anthrax. Four years later 2008, an atypical case of anthrax was diagnosed in the same holding. The bull was taken to the Production Animal Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki because of fever, loss of appetite and a symmetrically swollen scrotal sac. Penicillin treatment cured the fever but not the swollen scrotum. Before the intended therapeutic castration, a punctuate consisting of 10 ml fluid collected into a syringe from the scrotal sac was cultivated on blood agar at 37°C. After 24 hr, an almost pure culture of a completely non‐hemolytic Bacillus cereus‐like bacteria was obtained. The strain was identified as B. anthracis using Ba‐specific primers by the Finnish Food Safety Authority (RUOKAVIRASTO). After the diagnosis, the bull was euthanized and destroyed, the personnel were treated with prophylactic antibiotics and the clinic was disinfected. In this particular case, treatment with water, Virkon S and lime seemed to be effective to eliminate endospores and vegetative cells since no relapses of anthrax have occurred in 10 years. This case is the last reported anthrax case in Finland.

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Killing Bacterial Spores with Blue Light: When Innate Resistance Meets the Power of Light

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Blue-Violet Light Irradiation Dose Dependently Decreases Carotenoids in Human Skin, Which Indicates the Generation of Free Radicals

Blue-Violet Light Irradiation Dose Dependently Decreases Carotenoids in Human Skin, Which Indicates the Generation of Free Radicals

Role of DNA Repair and Protective Components in Bacillus subtilis Spore Resistance to Inactivation by 400-nm-Wavelength Blue Light

An atypical Bacillus anthracis infection in a bull—A potential occupational health hazard

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