Kin recognition and outer membrane exchange (OME) in myxobacteria

Sah, Govind Prasad; Wall, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2020.07.003

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…sporulation, extracellular signal production, motility, outer membrane exchange) were missing from Zodletone genomes. Specifically, the most notable deficiencies are the absence of homologues for extracellular signals production that control early events in aggregation, the absence of homologues for the two transcription factors FruA and MrpC that work cooperatively to control the start of sporulation (66–68), the absence of homologues for sporulation specific genes (11, 66, 68–70), and A motility-specific genes, and the absence of homologues for the outer membrane exchange receptor TraA that recognizes kin and allow membrane fusion (12) in Zodletone Myxococcota genomes or genomes of Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenes. Labilithrix luteola, and Vulgatibacter incomptus known from pure culture work not to aggregate into mounds, form fruiting bodies, or sporulate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomes of novel Myxococcota reveal severely curtailed machineries for predation and cellular differentiation

Murphy

Yang

Decker

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cultured Myxococcota are predominantly aerobic soil inhabitants, characterized by their highly coordinated predation and cellular differentiation capacities. Little is currently known regarding yet-uncultured Myxococcota from anaerobic, non-soil habitats. We analyzed genomes representing one novel order (o__JAFGXQ01) and one novel family (f__JAFGIB01) in the Myxococcota from an anoxic freshwater spring in Oklahoma, USA. Compared to their soil counterparts, anaerobic Myxococcota possess smaller genomes, and a smaller number of genes encoding biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), peptidases, one- and two-component signal transduction systems, and transcriptional regulators. Detailed analysis of thirteen distinct pathways/processes crucial to predation and cellular differentiation revealed severely curtailed machineries, with the notable absence of homologs for key transcription factors (e.g. FruA and MrpC), outer membrane exchange receptor (TraA), and the majority of sporulation-specific and A-motility-specific genes. Further, machine-learning approaches based on a set of 634 genes informative of social lifestyle predicted a non-social behavior for Zodletone Myxococcota. Metabolically, Zodletone Myxococcota genomes lacked aerobic respiratory capacities, but encoded genes suggestive of fermentation, dissimilatory nitrite reduction, and dissimilatory sulfate-reduction (in f_JAFGIB01) for energy acquisition. We propose that predation and cellular differentiation represent a niche adaptation strategy that evolved circa 500 Mya in response to the rise of soil as a distinct habitat on earth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomes of novel Myxococcota reveal severely curtailed machineries for predation and cellular differentiation

Murphy

Yang

Decker

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Prevalent in soils and marine sediments, predatory and cellulolytic myxobacteria contribute to nutrient cycling within microbial food webs. Perhaps most-studied for their cooperative lifestyles, myxobacteria have been an excellent resource for investigations concerning developmental multicellularity and two-component signaling, swarming motilities and predatory features, and the discovery of biologically active metabolites [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Each of these areas of interest have benefited from the increased utility and accessibility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Evolutionary Relationships for Prioritization of Myxobacteria for Natural Product Discovery

et al. 2021

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Discoveries of novel myxobacteria have started to unveil the potentially vast phylogenetic diversity within the family Myxococcaceae and have brought about an updated approach to myxobacterial classification. While traditional approaches focused on morphology, 16S gene sequences, and biochemistry, modern methods including comparative genomics have provided a more thorough assessment of myxobacterial taxonomy. Herein, we utilize long-read genome sequencing for two myxobacteria previously classified as Archangium primigenium and Chondrococcus macrosporus, as well as four environmental myxobacteria newly isolated for this study. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization scores from comparative genomics suggest previously classified as A. primigenium to instead be a novel member of the genus Melittangium, C. macrosporus to be a potentially novel member of the genus Corallococcus with high similarity to Corallococcus exercitus, and the four isolated myxobacteria to include another novel Corallococcus species, a novel Pyxidicoccus species, a strain of Corallococcus exiguus, and a potentially novel Myxococcus species with high similarity to Myxococcus stipitatus. We assess the biosynthetic potential of each sequenced myxobacterium and suggest that genus-level conservation of biosynthetic pathways support our preliminary taxonomic assignment. Altogether, we suggest that long-read genome sequencing benefits the classification of myxobacteria and improves determination of biosynthetic potential for prioritization of natural product discovery.

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“…Rather, it appears that together with OME, Type VI secretion controls a phenomenon called social compatibility, in which the exchange of toxins between Myxococcus cells prevents immune cells from mixing with non-immune cells 17 . We have not tested a possible function of OME in prey killing because OME allows transfer of OM protein and lipids between Myxococcus cells when contact is established between identical outer membrane receptors, TraA 9 . OME is therefore highly Myxococcus species and even strain-specific and mediates social compatibility when SitA lipoprotein toxins are delivered to non-immune TraA-carrying Myxococcus target cells 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We next tested the exact contribution of the kil genes to predation and prey consumption. This question is especially relevant because a number of mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to Myxococcus predation and all involve the extracellular secretion of toxic cargos 9,11,12 . In pure cultures, deletion of the kil genes is not linked to detectable motility and growth phenotypes, suggesting that the Tad-like Kil system mostly operates in predatory context (Figure S4d-e).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Myxococcus cells have also been observed to induce prey cell plasmolysis upon contact 7 . While a number of contact-dependent mechanisms could be involved, including Type VI secretion 8 and Outer Membrane Exchange (OME 9 , see below), none have yet been implicated in predation. In this study, we analyzed the importance of motility and contact-dependent killing in the Myxococcus predation cycle.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Tad-like apparatus is required for contact-dependent prey killing in predatory social bacteria

Seef

Herrou

Boissier

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Myxococcus xanthus, a soil bacterium, predates collectively using motility to invade prey colonies. Prey lysis is mostly thought to rely on secreted factors, cocktails of antibiotics and enzymes, and perhaps a mysterious contact-dependent mechanism. In this study we show that the coupling of A-motility and contact-dependent killing is the central predatory mechanism driving effective prey colony invasion and consumption. At the molecular level, contact-dependent killing is driven by a newly discovered type IV filament-like machinery (Kil) that both promotes motility arrest and prey cell plasmolysis. In this process, Kil proteins assemble at the predator-prey contact site, suggesting that they allow tight contact with prey cells for their intoxication. Kil-like systems form a new class of Tad-like machineries in predatory bacteria, suggesting a conserved function in predator-prey interactions. This study further reveals a novel cell-cell interaction function for bacterial pili-like assemblages.

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Kin recognition and outer membrane exchange (OME) in myxobacteria

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

Genomes of novel Myxococcota reveal severely curtailed machineries for predation and cellular differentiation

Genomes of novel Myxococcota reveal severely curtailed machineries for predation and cellular differentiation

Assessment of Evolutionary Relationships for Prioritization of Myxobacteria for Natural Product Discovery

A Tad-like apparatus is required for contact-dependent prey killing in predatory social bacteria

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