Kinematic and Aerodynamic Investigation of the Butterfly in Forward Free Flight for the Butterfly-Inspired Flapping Wing Air Vehicle

Zhang, Yixin; Wang, Xingjian; Wang, Shaoping; Huang, Wenhao; Weng, Qiwang

doi:10.3390/app11062620

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This assumption is qualitatively correct and is based on the mechanical power curve for migrating Urania fulgens moths [ 9 ]. However, quantitative analysis of changes in kinematics and aerodynamics with flight speed are lacking for any butterfly species in free, natural flight [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Aerodynamic Power Required for Flight and Testing for Adaptive Wind Drift in Passion-Vine Butterflies Heliconius sara (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Srygley

Dudley

Hernández

et al. 2023

Insects

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Although theoretical work on optimal migration has been largely restricted to birds, relevant free-flight data are now becoming available for migratory insects. Here we report, for the first time in passion-vine butterflies, that Heliconius sara migrates directionally. To test optimal migration models for insects, we quantified the aerodynamic power curve for free-flying H. sara as they migrated across the Panama Canal. Using synchronized stereo-images from high-speed video cameras, we reconstructed three-dimensional flight kinematics of H. sara migrating naturally across the Panama Canal. We also reconstructed flight kinematics from a single-camera view of butterflies flying through a flight tunnel. We calculated the power requirements for flight for H. sara over a range of flight velocities. The relationship between aerodynamic power and velocity was “J”-shaped across the measured velocities with a minimum power velocity of 0.9 m/s and a maximum range velocity of 2.25 m/s. Migrating H. sara did not compensate for crosswind drift. Changes in airspeed with tailwind drift were consistent with the null hypothesis that H. sara did not compensate for tailwind drift, but they were also not significantly different from those predicted to maximize the migratory range of the insects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Aerodynamic Power Required for Flight and Testing for Adaptive Wind Drift in Passion-Vine Butterflies Heliconius sara (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Srygley

Dudley

Hernández

et al. 2023

Insects

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show abstract

“…In addition to the above-mentioned experimental measurements, some numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) aided by experimental measurements have been conducted (e.g., takeoff of Pieris melete by Sunada et al, 1993; forward flight of Vanessa cardui by Zheng et al, 2013; forward flight of Chilasa clytia by Zhang et al, 2021; forward-climbing flight of Danaus plexipus by Tejaswi et al, 2021; forward flight of Tirumala septentrionis by Lin et al, 2021). Among such numerical simulations, only a few studies have considered the interaction among the wings, body, and ambient air by directly calculating the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and the equations of the butterfly motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight dynamics in forward flights of cabbage white butterfly

Suzuki

KOUJI

Yoshino

2023

JFST

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We conducted measurements of a butterfly's motion in forward flight and numerical simulations using a computawith fore and hind parts). Furthermore, we calculated the flow field and aerodynamic force and torque generated by the butterfly model using the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. In this simulation, we considered two types of periodic motions corresponding to slightly-descending and ascending forward flights. As a result, we found that the wing-tip and leading-edge vortices are formed on the wings and then released backward and downward in both flights. The major difference between the two flights is the flapping amplitude, indicating that the butterfly changes the flapping amplitude for each period and increases it to ascend. In addition, we considered a chimera model whose motion is based on the slightly-descending flight but partly given by the ascending flight. As a result, we found that the pitching angle and the angle of attack determine the traveling direction, but simply changing these angles does not achieve the ascending flight due to insufficient lift force. Thus, the butterfly should adjust the flapping and lead-lag angles in response to the pitching angle and the angle of attack to change the flight mode.

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“…5 The role of abdomen movement in flight and hover stability of a butterfly is investigated by using high-speed cameras. 6–9 The nonlinear equations of a hovering insect are derived and the flexible abdominal motion effect on linearized longitudinal equation roots is investigated. 10 The trim condition of a hawkmoth is obtained using actual data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardware in the loop simulation and implementation of a dragonfly-like MAV using clap and fling mechanism

Lashgari

Naghash

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The main aim of this paper is to model and simulate flight dynamics and to design a controller for a dragonfly-like micro aerial vehicle (MAV). This MAV has flapping wings using a clap and fling mechanism with a rigid abdomen. Kane’s method is applied to derive the longitudinal motion equations of the MAV as a multi-body system. Then, the aerodynamic lift and drag forces of the MAV are obtained. These equations are substituted in the derived motion equations. Furthermore, a new structure for a dragonfly-like flapping wing MAV is presented in which abdomen motion is considered in the longitudinal mode. In this work, the use of the abdomen is also formulated. A change in the motor’s speed generates differential thrust that creates a pitch moment as a control input. State space linearized equations of motion are presented by using appropriate assumptions in the aerodynamics, and dynamic nonlinear equations. To validate the linearized model, the response of the open-loop linear system is compared with the nonlinear one. In addition, the positive role of the abdomen in the open loop is discussed and analyzed. Finally, an LQR controller is designed for the pitch mode which is robust against disturbances. The validity, effectiveness, and performance of the derived equations and designed autopilot are shown by implemented hardware in the loop testbed using a fixed abdomen. Results demonstrate a good agreement between theoretical and experimental responses with accurate hovering at the desired angle.

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Kinematic and Aerodynamic Investigation of the Butterfly in Forward Free Flight for the Butterfly-Inspired Flapping Wing Air Vehicle

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Quantifying the Aerodynamic Power Required for Flight and Testing for Adaptive Wind Drift in Passion-Vine Butterflies Heliconius sara (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Quantifying the Aerodynamic Power Required for Flight and Testing for Adaptive Wind Drift in Passion-Vine Butterflies Heliconius sara (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Flight dynamics in forward flights of cabbage white butterfly

Hardware in the loop simulation and implementation of a dragonfly-like MAV using clap and fling mechanism

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