Kinematic and kinetic analysis of the inter- and intra-applicator assessment of the Babinski reflex

Dafkin, Chloe; Green, Andrew; Kerr, Samantha; Raymond, Andrew; Veliotes, Demetri; Elvin, Alex; Olivier, Benita; McKinon, Warrick

doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2014.07.002

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Kinematic data were analysed with AMASS (AMASS, C‐Motion Germantown, MD, USA) and Matlab7 (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA). Leg joint (knee and ankle) and hallux angles were calculated as per previously published conventions (Dafkin et al ., ; Kadaba et al ., ). The variables calculated from these data, for the FWR, were change in angle (degrees) measured from the initial position to the maximum angle of knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion and hallux plantar flexion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Circadian variation of flexor withdrawal and crossed extensor reflexes in patients with restless legs syndrome

Dafkin

Green

Olivier

et al. 2017

Journal of Sleep Research

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An evening state of spinal hyperexcitability has been proposed to be a possible cause of evening increases in restless legs syndrome symptoms. Thus, the objective of the current study was to assess the circadian variation in spinal excitability in patients with restless legs syndrome based on flexor withdrawal reflex and crossed extensor reflex responses. The reflexes were elicited on 12 participants with restless legs syndrome and 12 healthy control participants in the evening (PM) and the morning (AM). Reflex response magnitudes were measured electromyographically and kinematically. Both the reflexes showed a circadian rhythm in participants with restless legs syndrome but not in control participants. Changes in ankle (median flexor withdrawal reflex PM: 16.0 ° versus AM: 2.8 °, P = 0.042; crossed extensor reflex PM: 0.8 ° versus AM: 0.2 °, P = 0.001) angle were significantly larger, and ankle angular velocity (median flexor withdrawal reflex PM: 38.8 ° s versus AM: 13.9 ° s , P = 0.049; crossed extensor reflex PM: 2.4 ° s versus AM: 0.5 ° s , P = 0.002) was significantly faster in the evening compared with the morning in participants with restless legs syndrome, for both reflexes. For participants with restless legs syndrome, evening change in hallux angle was significantly larger than morning responses (median PM: 5.0 ° versus AM: 1.3 °, P = 0.012). No significant differences for any of the electromyographic or kinematic variables were observed between participants with restless legs syndrome and controls. The flexor withdrawal reflex and the crossed extensor reflex show a circadian rhythm in participants with restless legs syndrome suggesting an evening increase in spinal excitability. We hypothesize the circadian variation in spinal excitability may be due to a possible nocturnal form of afferent circuitry central sensitization in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in patients with restless legs syndrome.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Circadian variation of flexor withdrawal and crossed extensor reflexes in patients with restless legs syndrome

Dafkin

Green

Olivier

et al. 2017

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…The muscle activity from the electrodes was recorded, via clip on leads, using PowerLab (ADI Instruments, 26T, Sydney, Australia). Each participant's foot was stroked, by a standard examiner, using a specialized Babinski hammer (Dafkin et al, 2014). A number of design aspects were incorporated into the Babinski hammer to closely resemble the hammer used during every day clinical examination while allowing for the measurement of the force that the hammer exerted on the foot to be recorded (Dafkin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interrater Reliability of Subjective Assessments of the Babinski Reflex

Dafkin

Green

Kerr

et al. 2015

Journal of Motor Behavior

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The Babinski reflex is a clinical diagnostic tool; however, the interrater reliability of this tool is currently greatly contested. A comparison between rater groups with objective measurements of the Babinski reflex was therefore conducted. Fifteen recorded Babinski reflexes were assessed by 12 neurologists and 12 medical students as being either pathological or nonpathological. Kinematic and electromyographic variables were collected and used to assess which aspects of the Babinski reflex predict classification. Substantial interrater agreement within the neurologist and student groups (κ = .72 and .67, respectively) was shown; however, there were some differing aspects between what neurologists and students used to assess the reflex as determined by objective kinematic measurements.

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A systematic and quantitative evaluation of plantar stimulation: The effect of type, pattern, force of stimulation in eliciting an accurate plantar response

Khadilkar

Chheda

2018

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

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Kinematic and kinetic analysis of the inter- and intra-applicator assessment of the Babinski reflex

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Circadian variation of flexor withdrawal and crossed extensor reflexes in patients with restless legs syndrome

Circadian variation of flexor withdrawal and crossed extensor reflexes in patients with restless legs syndrome

The Interrater Reliability of Subjective Assessments of the Babinski Reflex

A systematic and quantitative evaluation of plantar stimulation: The effect of type, pattern, force of stimulation in eliciting an accurate plantar response

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