Kinematic and kinetic comparison of downhill and level walking

Kuster, Markus S.; Sakurai, Shunsuke; Wood, Graeme A.

doi:10.1016/0268-0033(95)92043-l

Cited by 156 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus, during running on visible uneven ground, humans generally show a nearly linear tendency with respect to the GRF in preparation of a disturbance (Fig.6A). Furthermore, a similar tendency was observed during uphill and downhill walking: uphill walking was characterized by a greater peak propulsive GRF and downhill walking by smaller propulsive peaks (Franz et al, 2011;Kuster et al, 1995;Lay et al, 2006). Both (increased GRF during running and greater propulsive peaks during walking or decreased GRF during running and smaller propulsive peaks during walking) may apply to lift or lower their centre of mass (COM) kinematics (see below).…”

Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biology 215 (17)mentioning

confidence: 85%

Leg adjustments during running across visible and camouflaged incidental changes in ground level

Müller

Ernst

Blickhan

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYDuring running in a natural environment, humans must routinely negotiate varied and unpredictable changes in ground level. To prevent a fall, changes in ground level, especially those that are invisible, require a quick response of the movement system within a short time. For 11 subjects we investigated two consecutive contacts during running across visible (drop of 0, 5 and 10cm) and camouflaged (drop of 0 and 10cm) changes in ground level. For both situations, we found significant variances in their leg parameters and ground reaction forces (GRFs) during the perturbed second contact but also one step ahead, in the unperturbed first contact. At visible first contact, humans linearly adapt their GRF to lower and smooth their centre of mass. During the camouflaged situation, the GRF also decreased, but it seems that the runners anticipate a drop of approximately 5-10cm. The GRF increased with drop height during the visible perturbed second contact. At the camouflaged second contact, GRFs differed noticeably from the observed reaction when crossing a similar visible drop, whereas the contact time decreased and the initial impact peak increased. This increased impact can be interpreted as a purely mechanical contribution to cope with the event. Furthermore, we observed an increased angle of attack and leg length with drop height for both situations. This is in accordance with results observed in birds running over a track with an unexpected drop, and suggests that adaptations in swing leg retraction form part of the strategy for running across uneven ground.

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Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biology 215 (17)mentioning

confidence: 85%

Leg adjustments during running across visible and camouflaged incidental changes in ground level

Müller

Ernst

Blickhan

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Also, as the uphill slope increases, both the knee extensor and ankle extensor moments are greater than level walking. Directly opposite, during downhill walking the hip extensor moment is delayed, while knee extensor and ankle extensor moments are less [7,11].…”

Section: Experiments 1: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neuromuscular strategies for the transitions between level and hill surfaces during walking

Gottschall

Nichols

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Despite continual fluctuations in walking surface properties, humans and animals smoothly transition between terrains in their natural surroundings. Walking transitions have the potential to influence dynamic balance in both the anterior -posterior and medial -lateral directions, thereby increasing fall risk and decreasing mobility. The goal of the current manuscript is to provide a review of the literature that pertains to the topic of surface slope transitions between level and hill surfaces, as well as report the recent findings of two experiments that focus on the neuromuscular strategies of surface slope transitions. Our results indicate that in anticipation of a change in surface slope, neuromuscular patterns during level walking prior to a hill are significantly different from the patterns during level walking without the future change in surface. Typically, the changes in muscle activity were due to co-contraction of opposing muscle groups and these changes correspond to modifications in head pitch. In addition, further experiments revealed that the neck proprioceptors may be an initial source of feedback for upcoming surface slope transitions. Together, these results illustrate that in order to safely traverse varying surfaces, transitions strides are functionally distinct from either level walking or hill walking independently.

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“…Human environments are not normally flat, so gait on an incline is not avoidable, and comprehension of the biomechanical requirements of ramp gait is important to therapists [17]. The ramp is a tool of vertical movement that can be used in place of stairs, and it is a necessary amenity, especially for the handicapped, seniors, and pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At similar angles, ramp gait has a greater risk of falling than does stair gait [18]. In comparison with ground gait, ramp gait differs in kinematic and kinetic perspectives [17], and identifying the features of ramp gait is essential to determine which factors contribute to the risk of falling [19]. This study showed that texting on a mobile phone while walking significantly decreased ramp gait, speed, cadence, stride length, step length, and single support (p＜0.05) and significantly increased stride time, step time, gait cycle, and double support (p＜0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of mobile phone texting on gait parameters during ramp ascent and descent

Kim

Park

Cha

et al. 2014

PTRS

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the influences on gait features during mobile phone use while ramp walking. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty-three healthy adult subjects performed four walking conditions on an outside ramp with a 5 m length, 1.5 m width, and a 5 o angle. All participants were touch screen mobile phone users. Four walking conditions were used: 1) ramp ascent,2) ramp descent, 3) texting during ramp ascent, and 4) texting during ramp descent. In conditions 3) and 4), subjects texted the words of "Aegukga"−the song of patriotism−while walking. Upon the signal of start, the subjects walked the ramp during texting. Gait parameters were measured at the length of 3 m excluding 1 m of the start and end of the total length. Each situation was repeated three times for each subject, and mean values were calculated. For gait examination, a gait analyzer was used (OptoGait). Results: Subjects ranged in age from 23 to 38 years (mean age, 27.73). Eighty-three percent of subjects in our study had experienced an accident during mobile phone use. Texting on a mobile phone while walking significantly decreased ramp gait, speed, cadence, stride length, step length, and single support (p<0.05) and significantly increased stride time, step time, gait cycle, and double support (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in cadence, step length, stride time, step time, and single support during ramp ascent and descent (p<0.05). Conclusions:Texting on a mobile phone while walking significantly decreased gait quality.

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Kinematic and kinetic comparison of downhill and level walking

Cited by 156 publications

References 5 publications

Leg adjustments during running across visible and camouflaged incidental changes in ground level

Leg adjustments during running across visible and camouflaged incidental changes in ground level

Neuromuscular strategies for the transitions between level and hill surfaces during walking

Influence of mobile phone texting on gait parameters during ramp ascent and descent

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