Kinematic comparison of baseball batting off of a tee among various competition levels

Dowling, Brittany; Fleisig, Glenn S.

doi:10.1080/14763141.2016.1159320

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The swing motion was divided into four phases (preparation, weight shift, swing, and follow-through) based on the five key events according to the previous studies [1,2] (▶Fig. 2).…”

Section: Dividing the Phases During Bat Swingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to pelvic rotation, normalization was performed by subtracting the angle at the beginning of the bat swing to each angular data point during bat swing. From these angular data and the bat tip marker, the following outcomes were analyzed based on the previous studies [1,15]: instantaneous peak angle and ROM of pelvis and lumbar spine, peak angular velocity and timing of peak angular velocity of pelvis and lumbar spine, and bat tip peak velocity and timing of peak velocity.…”

Section: Motion Analysis Of the Pelvis And Lumbar Spinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…During baseball hitting, rapid pelvic and trunk rotation in the transverse plane is required to accelerate the bat tip velocity. Many previous studies reported the kinematics of pelvic and trunk rotation during baseball hitting [1][2][3][4], and these studies measured the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae as one rigid body. However, because the rotational range of motion (ROM) of lumbar vertebrae differs from that of thoracic vertebrae and is less than 5 ° in each vertebra [5], the kinematics of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae must be measured separately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Lumbar Kinematics with a History of Low Back Pain During Baseball Hitting

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a history of low back pain (LBP) on pelvic and lumbar kinematics during baseball hitting. Twenty collegiate male baseball players (age, 21±1 years; height, 172.8±4.7 cm; weight, 72.7±6.2 kg; baseball experience, 13±1 years) performed 5 bat swings. Participants were categorized into the LBP group (n=10) or control group (n=10) based on having experienced lumbar spine pain due to bat swing that lasted more than 24 h within the last 12 months. Three-dimensional kinematic data of the pelvis and lumbar spine during bat swing were measured. Two-way ANOVAs were used to compare pelvic and lumbar kinematics throughout the bat swing between groups, and independent t-tests were used to compare the other outcomes between groups. There was a significant main effect between groups in lumbar flexion angle throughout the bat swing (p=0.047). The mean lumbar flexion angle of the LBP group throughout the bat swing was less than that of the control group. Additionally, the peak angular velocity of lumbar flexion of the LBP group was significantly faster than that of control group (p=0.047). These results can be helpful for longitudinal studies that identify the risk factors of LBP due to bat swing.

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“…The swing motion was divided into four phases (preparation, weight shift, swing, and follow-through) based on the five key events according to the previous studies [1,2] (▶Fig. 2).…”

Section: Dividing the Phases During Bat Swingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motion Analysis Of the Pelvis And Lumbar Spinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Lumbar Kinematics with a History of Low Back Pain During Baseball Hitting

et al. 2020

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“…In order to perform a well-timed impact, the start time of the forward swing is considered the most important moment, because it is difficult to make a correction for the speed or trajectory of the bat with large inertia. The elemental events in common during the swing are the weighting of the stride (front) foot, rotation of the pelvis and thorax, and the bat's acceleration [16,17]. Batters cannot always perform the same series of swing movements against different pitches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the combination of different pitches and the absence of pitch type information influence timing control during batting in baseball?

2020

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Baseball pitchers use various pitch types to reduce hitting accuracy, but little is understood of the practical strategy of using visuomotor skills and timing control to respond to different pitches. This study examined 1) effectiveness of pitch type combinations, and 2) relationship between the presence and absence of advance information about the next pitch and the timing error. Twenty-six high school baseball players hit a ball launched from a pitching machine in a combination of fastballs (34.3±1.3 m�s -1 ), curveballs (25.4±1.0 m�s -1 ), and slowballs (25.5±0.9 m�s -1 ). Each participant performed three conditions. (1) Continuity condition (15 trials), in which the same pitch type was thrown five times consecutively.(2) Random condition (30 trials), in which pitch type was not preliminarily conveyed to the participants. (3) Open condition (20 trials), in which the next pitch type was preliminarily conveyed to participants. Participants' hitting movement was recorded by an optical motion capture system and force platform. We calculated timing error based on the difference between the measured impact location (ball position relative to the batter's body at ball-bat impact) and optimal impact location. The timing error between n-th pitch type, (n-1)-th pitch, and the presence or absence of advance information about pitch type (open vs random condition) were analyzed using three-way repeated ANOVA. The results showed that the (n-1)-th pitch type did not affect the timing of impact (p = 0.338). In contrast, the timing errors in open conditions were fewer compared to random conditions (p < 0.001). These results indicate that the pitch type sequence has insignificant effects, and advance information about pitches affects the timing errors. Therefore, having two or more pitch types, reducing the fluctuation of the pitching motion, and the early trajectory of the ball between different pitches potentially lead to increase timing errors.

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“…Thus, both motor competence to generate rotational force and trunk muscle size in baseball players may be related to the maximum BSS. Although a comparison of hitting kinematics among different ages and competition levels was conducted in previous studies [15], the association between the trunk muscle size and BSS has not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Bat Swing Speed and Muscle Thickness and Asymmetry in Collegiate Baseball Players

Tsuchikane

Higuchi

Suga

et al. 2017

Sports

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between bat swing speed (BSS), muscle thickness, and muscle thickness asymmetry in collegiate baseball players. Twenty-four collegiate baseball players participated in this study. Maximum BSS in hitting a teed ball was measured using a motion capture system. The muscle thicknesses of the trunk (upper abdominal rectus, central abdominal rectus, lower abdominal rectus, abdominal wall, and multifidus lumborum), upper limb, and lower limb were measured using a B-mode ultrasonography. Lateral asymmetry between each pair of muscles was determined as the ratio of the thickness of the dominant side to that of the non-dominant side. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between BSS and muscle thicknesses of the abdominal wall and multifidus lumborum on the dominant side (r = 0.426 and 0.431, respectively; p < 0.05), whereas only trends against this significance were observed between BSS and muscle thicknesses on the non-dominant side. No statistical correlations were found between BSS and the lateral asymmetry of any muscles. These findings indicate the importance of the trunk muscles for bat swing, and the lack of association between BSS and lateral asymmetry of muscle size.

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Kinematic comparison of baseball batting off of a tee among various competition levels

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

Comparison of Lumbar Kinematics with a History of Low Back Pain During Baseball Hitting

Comparison of Lumbar Kinematics with a History of Low Back Pain During Baseball Hitting

Does the combination of different pitches and the absence of pitch type information influence timing control during batting in baseball?

Relationships between Bat Swing Speed and Muscle Thickness and Asymmetry in Collegiate Baseball Players

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