Kinematic decomposition and classification of octopus arm movements

Zelman, Ido; Titon, Myriam; Yekutieli, Yoram; Hanassy, Shlomi; Hochner, Binyamin; Flash, Tamar

doi:10.3389/fncom.2013.00060

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, through this technique, we demonstrate, to our knowledge, two novel structures in the mouse tongue, the looplike muscles located in the superior and inferior regions of the anterior tongue, approximately analogous to the superior and inferior longitudinalis in humans. The presence of complex fiber geometries, such as merging, crossing, or helicity contribute substantially to the function of various other muscular hydrostats, such as the heart (14,17) and the esophagus (14,16,17), and numerous Animalia appendages, such as the elephant trunk (25,26,54) or octopus tentacles (55,56). Acknowledging the influences of multidirectional contractions, the understanding of muscular architecture may support continuum models of force generation in the setting of such hydrostats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Patterns of Intersecting Fiber Arrays Revealed in Whole Muscle with Generalized Q-Space Imaging

Taylor

Hoffman

Aninwene

2015

Biophysical Journal

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The multiscale attributes of mammalian muscle confer significant challenges for structural imaging in vivo. To achieve this, we employed a magnetic resonance method, termed "generalized Q-space imaging", that considers the effect of spatially distributed diffusion-weighted magnetic field gradients and diffusion sensitivities on the morphology of Q-space. This approach results in a subvoxel scaled probability distribution function whose shape correlates with local fiber orientation. The principal fiber populations identified within these probability distribution functions can then be associated by streamline methods to create multivoxel tractlike constructs that depict the macroscale orientation of myofiber arrays. We performed a simulation of Q-space input parameters, including magnetic field gradient strength and direction, diffusion sensitivity, and diffusional sampling to determine the optimal achievable fiber angle separation in the minimum scan time. We applied this approach to resolve intravoxel crossing myofiber arrays in the setting of the human tongue, an organ with anatomic complexity based on the presence of hierarchical arrays of intersecting myocytes. Using parameters defined by simulation, we imaged at 3T the fanlike configuration of the human genioglossus and the laterally positioned merging fibers of the styloglossus, inferior longitudinalis, chondroglossus, and verticalis. Comparative scans of the excised mouse tongue at 7T demonstrated similar midline and lateral crossing fiber patterns, whereas histological analysis confirmed the presence and distribution of these myofiber arrays at the microscopic scale. Our results demonstrate a magnetic resonance method for acquiring and displaying diffusional data that defines highly ordered myofiber patterns in architecturally complex tissue. Such patterns suggest inherent multiscale fiber organization and provide a basis for structure-function analyses in vivo and in model tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Patterns of Intersecting Fiber Arrays Revealed in Whole Muscle with Generalized Q-Space Imaging

Taylor

Hoffman

Aninwene

2015

Biophysical Journal

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“…Muscular hydrostats including the elephant trunk, tentacles of cephalopods and the vertebrate tongue have been well studied from a kinematic perspective (Gilbert et al 2007; Winkel and Schleichardt 2011; Zelman et al 2013; Xing et al 2014) however, much less is known about how they develop force and whether neuromuscular control in these structures is analogous to control in limb (Gutfreund et al 1998). In this study we characterize motor unit activity in a tongue muscle contrasting it with motor unit activity in a similarly specialized muscle of the hand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonation-related rate coding and recruitment in the genioglossus muscle

2015

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Motor unit (MU) recruitment was assessed in two muscles with similar muscle fiber type compositions and that participate in skilled movements: the tongue muscle, genioglossus (GG) and the hand muscle, first dorsal interosseous (FDI). Our primary objectives were to determine in the framework of a voluntary movement whether muscle force is regulated in tongue as it is in limb i.e., via processes of rate coding and recruitment. Recruitment in the two muscles was assessed within each subject in the context of ramp force (FDI) and in the tongue (GG) during vowel production and specifically, in the context of ramp increases in loudness, and subsequently expressed relative to the maximal. The principle findings of the study are that the general rules of recruitment and rate coding hold true for both GG and FDI and second, that average firing rates, firing rates at recruitment and peak firing rates in GG are significantly higher than for FDI (P <0.001) despite tasks performed across comparable force ranges (∼2-40% of max). The higher firing rates observed in the tongue within the context of phonation may be a function of that muscle's dual role as (prime) mover and hydrostatic support element.

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“…Similarly, the more recent concept of "motor primitives" divides complex behavior into small, prepackaged units (Flash & Hochner, 2005) that can be woven together into novel combinations (e.g., Hermer-Vazquez & Moshtagh, 2009;Zelman et al, 2013). The units of classical ethology-fixed action patterns (Lorenz, 1981)-may simply be viewed as constituting larger, more complex packages of movement components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%