Kinematic Earthquake Ground‐Motion Simulations on Listric Normal Faults

Passone, Luca; Martin, P.

doi:10.1785/0120170111

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…To better prepare and help mitigate the risk, improved estimates of ground shaking are required. Furthermore, the importance of accurate knowledge of sedimentary basin shape and fault geometry in improving ground motion simulation estimates of seismic hazard and risk is well established (Day et al, ; Frankel & Vidale, ; Graves et al, ; Komatitsch et al, ; Passone & Mai, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐Dimensional Basin and Fault Structure From a Detailed Seismic Velocity Model of Coachella Valley, Southern California

et al. 2019

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The Coachella Valley in the northern Salton Trough is known to produce destructive earthquakes, making it a high seismic hazard area. Knowledge of the seismic velocity structure and geometry of the sedimentary basins and fault zones is required to improve earthquake hazard estimates in this region. We simultaneously inverted first P wave travel times from the Southern California Seismic Network (39,998 local earthquakes) and explosions (251 land/sea shots) from the 2011 Salton Seismic Imaging Project to obtain a 3-D seismic velocity model. Earthquakes with focal depths ≤10 km were selected to focus on the upper crustal structure. Strong lateral velocity contrasts in the top~3 km correlate well with the surface geology, including the low-velocity (<5 km/s) sedimentary basin and the high-velocity crystalline basement rocks outside the valley. Sediment thickness is~4 km in the southeastern valley near the Salton Sea and decreases to <2 km at the northwestern end of the valley. Eastward thickening of sediments toward the San Andreas fault within the valley defines Coachella Valley basin asymmetry. In the Peninsular Ranges, zones of relatively high seismic velocities (~6.4 km/s) between 2-and 4-km depth may be related to Late Cretaceous mylonite rocks or older inherited basement structures. Other high-velocity domains exist in the model down to 9-km depth and help define crustal heterogeneity. We identify a potential fault zone in Lost Horse Valley unassociated with mapped faults in Southern California from the combined interpretation of surface geology, seismicity, and lateral velocity changes in the model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐Dimensional Basin and Fault Structure From a Detailed Seismic Velocity Model of Coachella Valley, Southern California

et al. 2019

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“…However, Moreno, Bolte, Klotz, and Melnick (2009) showed that no such isolated slip patches result when using a more realistic non-planar fault geometry, demonstrating that the isolated slip patches were merely an artifact of using a planar fault. Using non-planar faults instead of planar faults can also lead to more realistic near-fault ground motion calculations (Passone & Mai, 2017), help the understanding of the physics of fault ruptures (Aochi, Fukuyama, & Matsu'ura, 2000), and hence improve seismic hazard assessments (Aochi & Fukuyama, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Bayesian Estimation of Non-Planar Fault Geometry and Spatially-Variable Slip

Dutta

Jónsson

Vasyura‐Bathke

2020

Preprint

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Non-planar fault geometries are parameterized using a set of polynomials allowing for along-strike and down-dip variations of the fault geometry.• The non-planar fault geometrical parameters are estimated simultaneously with spatially-variable slip from geodetic data using Bayesian inference.• Estimated fault slip asperities and their locations are found to be biased when simple planar faults are assumed in presence of non-planar fault geometries.

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“…The magnitude of the largest earthquake recorded at the MF (6.8 ± 0.4) is regarded to support the assumption of a listric fault with an active basal detachment that links the normal fault with the VBTF strike-slip system. The consequences of this geometry may be large in terms of ground motion patterns resulting from earthquakes that activate large parts of the listric fault because of the hanging wall effect that amplifies the ground motion prediction (Passone and Mai, 2017). Although such directivity effects may reduce the hazard arising from the MF for Vienna, the opposite is true for other listric faults stretching into the city limits of Vienna (Fig.…”

Section: Conclusion and Implications For Seismic Hazard Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications from palaeoseismological investigations at the Markgrafneusiedl Fault (Vienna Basin, Austria) for seismic hazard assessment

Hintersberger

Decker

Lomax

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Intraplate regions characterized by low rates of seismicity are challenging for seismic hazard assessment, mainly for two reasons. Firstly, evaluation of historic earthquake catalogues may not reveal all active faults that contribute to regional seismic hazard. Secondly, slip rate determination is limited by sparse geomorphic preservation of slowly moving faults. In the Vienna Basin (Austria), moderate historical seismicity (I max,obs /M max,obs = 8/5.2) concentrates along the left-lateral strike-slip Vienna Basin Transfer Fault (VBTF). In contrast, several normal faults branching out from the VBTF show neither historical nor instrumental earthquake records, although geomorphological data indicate Quaternary displacement along those faults. Here, located about 15 km outside of Vienna, the Austrian capital, we present a palaeoseismological dataset of three trenches that cross one of these splay faults, the Markgrafneusiedl Fault (MF), in order to evaluate its seismic potential. Comparing the observations of the different trenches, we found evidence for five to six surface-breaking earthquakes during the last 120 kyr, with the youngest event occurring at around 14 ka. The derived surface displacements lead to magnitude estimates ranging between 6.2±0.5 and 6.8±0.4. Data can be interpreted by two possible slip models, with slip model 1 showing more regular recurrence intervals of about 20-25 kyr between the earthquakes with M ≥ 6.5 and slip model 2 indicating that such earthquakes cluster in two time intervals in the last 120 kyr. Direct correlation between trenches favours slip model 2 as the more plausible option. Trench observations also show that structural and sedimentological records of strong earthquakes with small surface offset have only low preservation potential. Therefore, the earthquake frequency for magnitudes between 6 and 6.5 cannot be constrained by the trenching records. Vertical slip rates of 0.02-0.05 mm a −1 derived from the trenches compare well to geomorphically derived slip rates of 0.02-0.09 mm a −1 . Magnitude estimates from fault dimensions suggest that the largest earthquakes observed in the trenches activated the entire fault surface of the MF including the basal detachment that links the normal fault with the VBTF. The most important implications of these palaeoseismological results for seismic hazard assessment are as follows. (1) The MF is an active seismic source, capable of rupturing the surface despite the lack of historical earthquakes. (2) The MF is kinematically and geologically equivalent to a number of other splay faults of the VBTF. It is reasonable to assume that these faults are potential sources of large earthquakes as well. The frequency of strong earthquakes near Vienna is therefore expected to be significantly higher than the earthquake frequency reconstructed for the MF alone. (3) Although rare events, the potential for earthquake magnitudes equal or greater than M = 7.0 in the Vienna Basin should be considered in seismic hazard studies.

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Kinematic Earthquake Ground‐Motion Simulations on Listric Normal Faults

Cited by 26 publications

References 61 publications

Three‐Dimensional Basin and Fault Structure From a Detailed Seismic Velocity Model of Coachella Valley, Southern California

Three‐Dimensional Basin and Fault Structure From a Detailed Seismic Velocity Model of Coachella Valley, Southern California

Simultaneous Bayesian Estimation of Non-Planar Fault Geometry and Spatially-Variable Slip

Implications from palaeoseismological investigations at the Markgrafneusiedl Fault (Vienna Basin, Austria) for seismic hazard assessment

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