Kinematic Effect on the Navicular Bone with the Use of Rearfoot Varus Wedge

Gómez-Carrión, Álvaro; Arratibel, Maria de los Ángeles Atín; Lozano, Maria Rosario Morales; Sebastián, Carlos Martínez; De-la-Cruz-Torres, Blanca; Sánchez-Gómez, Rubén

doi:10.3390/s22030815

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Each condition, barefoot and with VRFWs, was measured three times by each researcher, for a total of six repetitions for each condition. In this study, three VRFWs of 3, 5 and 8 degrees were used randomly to mitigate the order effect [ 35 ]. There was a 10-second break between each measurement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of varus rearfoot wedges on hallux dorsiflexion resistance

Gómez-Carrión,

Reguera-Medina,

Ayerra-Andueza

et al. 2024

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background The first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ), which includes the first metatarsal and proximal phalanx, plays a crucial role in gait and impacts the windlass mechanism. Disruptions to this mechanism are implicated in various foot pathologies. Jack’s Test serves as a valuable tool for clinicians to assess the functionality of the MTPJ. Varus rearfoot wedges (VRFWs) are a common treatment employed in the management of lower limb pathologies. The impact of VRFWs on the resistance of the first MTPJ during Jack´s Test is currently unknown. This study aimed to measure the influence of VRFWs on the resistance of the first MTPJ during Jack´s Test. The secondary objective was to validate a new measurement method using a digital force gauge. Methods Thirty participants (17 women and 13 men) were enrolled. A digital force gauge measured the weight-bearing force needed for Jack’s Test, thereby evaluating the effects of VRFWs of different angulations. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test confirmed that the data followed a normal distribution (p > 0.05). The nonparametric Friedman test (p < 0.001) showed that there were significant differences among all VRFWs, while the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.001) showed that there were differences between barefoot conditions and 3°, 5°, and 8° VRFWs. Results: The use of 8° VRFWs yielded a statistically significant reduction in the passive dorsiflexion force of hallux during Jack’s Test (12.51 N ± 4.12, p < 0.001). Conclusions The use of VRFWs has been observed to reduce dorsiflexion resistance in the proximal phalanx of the first MTPJ during Jack’s Test. Additionally, the digital force gauge was proven to be a valid tool for conducting Jack’s Test, thus offering a reliable measurement method.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of varus rearfoot wedges on hallux dorsiflexion resistance

Gómez-Carrión,

Reguera-Medina,

Ayerra-Andueza

et al. 2024

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…Among taekwondo athletes, sparring athletes perform kicking techniques using ground reaction force with the forefoot for the longest period of time, and forefoot pronation occurs rapidly and repeatedly, especially in situations such as maintaining distance, changing direction, and continuing skills. The forefoot and rearfoot are balanced in opposite positions, and the pronation of the forefoot, which occurs at the beginning of the stance phase of kicking, represents the movement of the rearfoot supination [ 29 , 30 ]. Thus, sparring athletes may develop a distinct rearfoot varum angle due to repetitive rotation of the foot on the ground from performing repeated continuous kicks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Lower Extremity Alignment among Taekwondo Athletes of Various Subdisciplines

Han,

Chang,

Jun

2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Studies analyzing lower extremity alignment (LEA) LEA among taekwondo subdisciplines athletes are lacking. This study compared LEA in the dominant and nondominant legs intaekwondo athletes. Materials and Methods: Twelve measurements of LEA were analyzed for 157 athletes (63 sparring, 50 demonstration, and 44 poomsae athletes) registered with the Korea Taekwondo Association. LEA was measured in the standing, supine, and prone positions using alignment application, a goniometer, a bubble inclinometer, a height gage, and a palpation meter. Results: The analysis revealed that the dominant leg of poomsae athletes showed greater genu valgum alignment than that of sparring athletes (p < 0.01), whereas the dominant leg of sparring athletes showed greater rearfoot varum alignment than that of demonstration athletes (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the nondominant leg of poomsae athletes showed greater genu valgum alignment than that of sparring and demonstration athletes (p < 0.01), whereas the nondominant leg of sparring athletes showed greater rearfoot varum alignment than that of demonstration athletes (p < 0.01). In addition, demonstration athletes had better forefoot varus alignment than poomsae athletes (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study revealed that LEA characteristics vary among taekwondo athletes according to their subdiscipline. The results of this study would help in designing training programs tailored to each subdiscipline that would best address their LEA characteristics and help to prevent injuries.

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“…The study design consisted of comparing the use of lateral wedge insoles vs. being barefoot by recording the movement of the navicular and calcaneus bones. The Polhemus Fastrak Patriot [ 25 ] was used for the measurement of the navicular and calcaneus bones, which resulted in a significant intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.996 (95% CI) with the use of a 7 mm rearfoot varus wedge in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The statistical unit of the public University Complutense of Madrid calculated the sample for the present study. The results of the study in the navicular bone (0.35 ± 0.95° to 1.35° ± 2.41°) ( p < 0.001) were used for the calculation of the sample [ 25 ]. Taking into consideration the need for a confidence interval (CI) of 95%, with a statistical power of 80%, _x = 0.05, and _b = 20%, and assuming the common loss of 20% of the participants, 86 subjects needed to be included in this study, and 69 subjects were ultimately enrolled.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their effects on the foot are still unknown—specifically, the effects on the midfoot and rearfoot joints. The movement of these parts of the foot was evaluated with the 6 SpaceFastrak system tracking device, used in previous studies to measure the changes in position of the navicular and calcaneus bones [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. This device can evaluate the movement of the navicular and calcaneus bones with precision [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the Kinematics of Midfoot and Rearfoot Joints with the Use of Lateral Wedge Insoles

Gómez-Carrión

Arratibe

Lozano

et al. 2022

JCM

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The lateral wedge insole (LWI) is a typical orthopedic treatment for medial knee osteoarthritis pain, chronic ankle instability, and peroneal tendon disorders. It is still unknown what the effects are in the most important joints of the foot when using LWIs as a treatment for knee and ankle pathologies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of LWIs on the position of the midfoot and rearfoot joints by measuring the changes using a tracking device. Methods: The study was carried out with a total of 69 subjects. Movement measurements for the midfoot were made on the navicular bone, and for the rearfoot on the calcaneus bone. The Polhemus system was used, with two motion sensors fixed to each bone. Subjects were compared by having them use LWIs versus being barefoot. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the varus movement when wearing a 4 mm LWI (1.23 ± 2.08°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.35 ± 0.95°), and in the plantarflexion movement when wearing a 4 mm LWI (3.02 ± 4.58°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.68 ± 1.34°), in the midfoot. There were also statistically significant differences in the valgus movement when wearing a 7 mm LWI (1.74 ± 2.61°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.40 ± 0.90°), and in the plantar flexion movement when wearing a 4 mm LWI (2.88 ± 4.31°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.35 ± 0.90°), in the rearfoot. Conclusions: In the navicular bone, a varus, an abduction, and plantar flexion movements were generated. In the calcaneus, a valgus, an adduction, and plantar flexion movements were generated with the use of LWIs.

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Kinematic Effect on the Navicular Bone with the Use of Rearfoot Varus Wedge

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

The effect of varus rearfoot wedges on hallux dorsiflexion resistance

The effect of varus rearfoot wedges on hallux dorsiflexion resistance

Comparison of Lower Extremity Alignment among Taekwondo Athletes of Various Subdisciplines

Changes in the Kinematics of Midfoot and Rearfoot Joints with the Use of Lateral Wedge Insoles

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