Kinematic Motion Patterns of the Cranial and Caudal Canine Cervical Spine

Johnson, Jacqueline A.; Costa, Ronaldo C. da; Bhattacharya, Sanghita; Goel, Vijay K.; Allen, Matthew J.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00853.x

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In Doberman Pinschers with DA‐CSM, relative stenosis of the vertebral canal is more pronounced in the caudal cervical vertebral column, which may be why we noted worsening only at C5‐C6 and C6‐C7 with extension. The caudal cervical vertebral column of dogs has higher torsional forces, which have been associated with intervertebral disc degeneration and protrusion . The combination of relative vertebral canal stenosis and disc protrusions in the caudal cervical vertebral region of dogs with DA‐CSM accounts for the differences as compared to CSM in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of Disc‐Associated Cervical Spondylomyelopathy in Doberman Pinschers

Provencher

Habing

Moore

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe dynamic component of disc‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (DA‐CSM) currently is evaluated using traction magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which does not assess changes in flexion and extension of the cervical vertebral column. In humans with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, kinematic MRI is used to identify dynamic compressions.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and utility of kMRI in Doberman Pinschers with DA‐CSM using a novel positioning device. We hypothesized that kMRI would identify compressive lesions not observed with neutral positioning and change the dimensions of the spinal cord and cervical vertebral canal.AnimalsNine client‐owned Doberman Pinschers with DA‐CSM.MethodsProspective study. After standard MR imaging of the cervical spine confirmed DA‐CSM, dogs were placed on a positioning device to allow imaging in flexion and extension. Morphologic and morphometric assessments were compared between neutral, flexion, and extension images.ResultsFlexion was associated with improvement or resolution of spinal cord compression in 4/9 patients, whereas extension caused worsening of compressions in 6/9 patients. Extension identified 6 new compressive lesions and was significantly associated with dorsal and ventral compression at C5‐C6 (P = .021) and C6‐C7 (P = .031). A significant decrease in spinal cord height occurred at C6‐C7 from neutral to extension (P = .003) and in vertebral canal height at C5‐C6 and C6‐C7 from neutral to extension (P = .011 and .017, respectively).Conclusions and clinical importanceOur results suggest that kMRI is feasible and provides additional information beyond what is observed with neutral imaging, primarily when using extension views, in dogs with DA‐CSM.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of Disc‐Associated Cervical Spondylomyelopathy in Doberman Pinschers

Provencher

Habing

Moore

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The higher proportion of concave caudal surfaces may explain why Dobermans typically have disc-associated CSM, whereas this form of CSM is uncommon in Great Danes. The shape of the articular surfaces may be partially responsible for the higher torsional forces seen in the caudal cervical region [15], facilitating development of intervertebral disc degeneration and protrusion in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of angle, shape, and position of articular processes in Dobermans and Great Danes with and without cervical spondylomyelopathy

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM), also known as wobbler syndrome, affects mainly large and giant-breed dogs, causing compression of the cervical spinal cord and/or nerve roots. Structural and dynamic components seem to play a role in the development of CSM; however, pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Physiologic and pathologic movements of the cervical spine depend on the morphology and morphometry of articular processes, as well as on intervertebral discs and vertebral column ligaments. Moreover, the characteristics of the articular processes affect motion and stability of the vertebral column. The goal of this study was to investigate the angle, shape, and position of the articular surfaces within the articular processes and compare them between Doberman Pinschers and Great Danes with and without cervical spondylomyelopathy.ResultsMagnetic resonance images were obtained for 60 dogs: 15 clinically normal Dobermans (Dob-N), 15 CSM-affected Dobermans (Dob-CSM), 15 clinically normal Great Danes (GD-N), and 15 CSM-affected Great Danes (GD-CSM). Angle, shape, and position (lateral distance) of the articular surfaces from the articular processes were analyzed from C2–3 to C7-T1. Results indicate that the mean angle was different between Dob-CSM and GD-CSM at C4–5, C5–6, and C6–7, and between GD-N and GD-CSM at C6–7. There were differences between Dob-N and GD-N, and between Dob-CSM and GD-CSM for the lateral distance at most locations, except C2–3. Compared with Great Danes, Dobermans generally had a greater proportion of concave caudal surfaces at C4–5, C5–6, and C6–7. Concave articular surfaces have been associated with greater axial rotation. This may explain the high proportion of disc-associated CSM in Dobermans compared to Great Danes. The differences between breeds suggest they may have different motion patterns in the caudal cervical vertebral column.ConclusionsConsidering that no differences in angle, shape, or position of the articular surfaces within the articular processes were found between normal and CSM-affected dogs, their relevance appears to have a secondary role in the pathogenesis of CSM.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0997-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…In 1 study, the physiologic limit of the passive moment exerted at the C4–C5 intervertebral space for a standing dog with the head and neck positioned horizontally was estimated to be 4 N m based on canine cadavers . However, in anesthetized dogs, applied pure moments of >1.1 N m were found to compromise breathing . Higher bending moments may not therefore be necessary to simulate physiologic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the biomechanical properties of a ventral cervical intervertebral anchored fusion device with locking plate fixation applied to cadaveric canine cervical spines

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Kinematic Motion Patterns of the Cranial and Caudal Canine Cervical Spine

Abstract: Kinematics of the cranial and caudal cervical spine differed markedly with greater mobility in the caudal cervical spine.

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of Disc‐Associated Cervical Spondylomyelopathy in Doberman Pinschers

Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of Disc‐Associated Cervical Spondylomyelopathy in Doberman Pinschers

Comparison of angle, shape, and position of articular processes in Dobermans and Great Danes with and without cervical spondylomyelopathy

Comparison of the biomechanical properties of a ventral cervical intervertebral anchored fusion device with locking plate fixation applied to cadaveric canine cervical spines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About