Kinematic restoration of contractional basement structures using thermokinematic models: A key tool for petroleum system modeling

Mora, Andrés; Casallas, Wilson; Ketcham, Richard A.; Gomez, Diego Fernando Claros; Parra, Maurício; Namson, Jay; Stöckli, Daniel F.; Almendral, Ariel; Robles, Wilmer; Ghorbal, B.

doi:10.1306/04281411108

Cited by 49 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our shortening estimate is notably lower than previous estimates that range between 22% and 33% (Bayona et al, ; Cortés et al, ; Mora et al, ; Mora, Casallas, et al, ; Mora, Parra, et al, ; Parra, Mora, Sobel, et al, ; Ramírez‐Arias et al, ; Teixell et al, ; Tesón et al, ). Uncertainties in our restoration are related to the depth and geometry of the frontal detachment as well as out‐of‐plane deformation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…The crustal structure derived from receiver functions shows an average crustal thickness between 40 and 45 km (Poveda et al, ), without a clear crustal root beneath the Cocuy Sierra, decreasing to 35 km beneath the LB. Our shortening estimate of <15% is lower than previous estimates, which range between 22% and 33% (Bayona et al, ; Colletta et al, ; Cooper et al, ; Cortés et al, ; Mora et al, ; Mora, Casallas, et al, ; Mora, Parra, et al, ; Parra, Mora, Sobel, et al, ; Ramírez‐Arias et al, ; Silva et al, ; Tesón et al, ; Teixell et al, ). Over a section of 200 km, assuming no density variation and an initial crustal thickness of ~35 km, shortening of 15% or 30% would produce crustal thickening of ~5 km or ~8 km, respectively.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…Later estimates demonstrated that compressive deformation in the EC occurred by inversion of preexisting normal faults (Colletta et al, ; Cooper et al, ). This latter model predicted a much smaller amount of shortening, in the range of 22% to 33% (Cortés et al, ; Mora et al, ; Mora, Casallas, et al, ; Mora, Parra, et al, ; Parra, Mora, Sobel, et al, ; Ramírez‐Arias et al, ; Teixell et al, ; Tesón et al, ). Other estimates based on detailed stratigraphic and seismic data, which exclude the western front, indicate shortening of ≤20% (Bayona et al, ).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constraints on the Cenozoic Deformation of the Northern Eastern Cordillera, Colombia

et al. 2018

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The Eastern Cordillera of Colombia rose to maximum elevations of >5 km during the Cenozoic by inversion of a Mesozoic rift basin. Previous studies proposed that the exhumation of the Eastern Cordillera increased from ~6 Ma to the present due to the interplay between tectonic shortening and climate. In this study, we integrate new field observations, structural data, low‐temperature thermochronology, thermobarometry, and vitrinite reflectance along a section through the Tablazo, Cocuy, and Llanos regions to estimate the amount of shortening and the exhumation history. Our results indicate that shortening started as early as the latest Maastrichtian‐Paleocene in the Tablazo and Cocuy regions. Exhumation migrated eastward, starting in the Paleocene in the west and continuing in the Miocene in the east. The amount and rate of exhumation peaked in the Cocuy region with values of <5 km and < 0.4 km/Ma, respectively. At the highest elevations in the Cocuy Sierra, we also found evidence of a low‐pressure/high‐temperature metamorphic overprint, possibly related to shallow and local magmatic intrusions that occurred in the Late Miocene. Our cross‐section interpretation suggests a low amount of shortening (13%) that is mainly accommodated by high‐angle inverted faults and by the frontal thrust system. The presence of shallow magmatic bodies, moderate exhumation, and low shortening raises questions about the processes (isostatic versus dynamic) that drove the topographic growth of the high Cocuy Sierra.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constraints on the Cenozoic Deformation of the Northern Eastern Cordillera, Colombia

et al. 2018

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“…The process of linking kinematic models of deformation derived from balanced cross sections to advection-diffusion thermal models in order to calculate the evolving subsurface temperatures and predict cooling ages has been explored recently by several research groups Erdös et al, 2014;Mora et al, 2015;McQuarrie and Ehlers, 2015;Castelluccio et al, 2016;Rak et al, 2017). The level of kinematic detail modeled in each of these examples varies greatly, as does how depths of measured samples were projected backwards in time.…”

Section: Flexural and Kinematic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each kinematic step can range from 5 to 30 km over estimated time steps of 0.25-15 Myr. The flexural response of deformation has either been cal-604 M. E. Gilmore et al: Testing the effects of topography, geometry, and kinematics culated explicitly in the reconstruction software (McQuarrie and Ehlers, 2015;Rak et al, 2017) or estimated based on reconstructed paleodepths, foreland basin history, and/or perceived flexural response by using the flexural-slip unfolding algorithm in Move (Erdös et al, 2014;Mora et al, 2015;Castelluccio et al, 2016). Due to this growing method of linking cross section kinematics to thermal models, it is critical to examine how sensitive the predicted ages are to how flexural isostasy and topography are calculated because both control the depth and thus the thermal history of rocks through time .…”

Section: Flexural and Kinematic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the effects of topography, geometry, and kinematics on modeled thermochronometer cooling ages in the eastern Bhutan Himalaya

et al. 2018

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Abstract. In this study, reconstructions of a balanced geologic cross section in the Himalayan fold-thrust belt of eastern Bhutan are used in flexural-kinematic and thermokinematic models to understand the sensitivity of predicted cooling ages to changes in fault kinematics, geometry, topography, and radiogenic heat production. The kinematics for each scenario are created by sequentially deforming the cross section with ∼ 10 km deformation steps while applying flexural loading and erosional unloading at each step to develop a high-resolution evolution of deformation, erosion, and burial over time. By assigning ages to each increment of displacement, we create a suite of modeled scenarios that are input into a 2-D thermokinematic model to predict cooling ages. Comparison of model-predicted cooling ages to published thermochronometer data reveals that cooling ages are most sensitive to (1) the location and size of fault ramps, (2) the variable shortening rates between 68 and 6.4 mm yr −1 , and (3) the timing and magnitude of out-of-sequence faulting. The predicted ages are less sensitive to (4) radiogenic heat production and (5) estimates of topographic evolution. We used the observed misfit of predicted to measured cooling ages to revise the cross section geometry and separate one large ramp previously proposed for the modern décollement into two smaller ramps. The revised geometry results in an improved fit to observed ages, particularly young AFT ages (2-6 Ma) located north of the Main Central Thrust. This study presents a successful approach for using thermochronometer data to test the viability of a proposed cross section geometry and kinematics and describes a viable approach to estimating the first-order topographic evolution of a compressional orogen.

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Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of selected coal seams from the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene Guaduas Formation, Eastern Cordillera Basin, Colombia

Moore

Dai

Huguet

et al. 2022

International Journal of Coal Geology

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Kinematic restoration of contractional basement structures using thermokinematic models: A key tool for petroleum system modeling

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Constraints on the Cenozoic Deformation of the Northern Eastern Cordillera, Colombia

Constraints on the Cenozoic Deformation of the Northern Eastern Cordillera, Colombia

Testing the effects of topography, geometry, and kinematics on modeled thermochronometer cooling ages in the eastern Bhutan Himalaya

Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of selected coal seams from the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene Guaduas Formation, Eastern Cordillera Basin, Colombia

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