“…Inasmuch as many real-world objects have been constructed by free-form curves and surfaces, the NURBS formulation appears to be a universal class for curve/surface modeling in computer-aided design, manufacture and engineering (CAD/CAM/CAE). The trajectory of a robot [28], geometry of a curved structure [29][30][31], and a multi-axis machining toolpath [32,33] are common examples modeled by NURBS formulation. In addition, NURBS has other advantages in comparison to polygonal meshing, e.g., faster generation, and lower processing load.…”