Kinematics and Impulse Characteristics of Drop Landings from Three Heights

McNitt-Gray, Jill L.

doi:10.1123/ijsb.7.2.201

Cited by 144 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…10 To standardize the posture of the participants at the start of each jump, all subjects were instructed to step outwards off the box with the front leg slightly flexed and the rear leg straight. 12 Subjects landed in a balanced position on both feet, approximately 300 mm forward from the box, on a force plate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This measure has been used extensively to examine the magnitude of impact forces during jumping activities. 3,10,12 Previous work 17 has shown the reliability of this measure to be appropriate (ICC = 0.82). The magnitude of the vertical GRF was divided by the subject's body weight and thus expressed in units of body weight (BW).…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 In this respect, it is thought that movement allows the mass of the body segments to be decelerated over a longer period of time and thus the forces are decreased. 17 It has been observed 12,14 that when individuals land on the balls of their feet and flex their ankles and knees, lower GRFs are generated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Decreasing Landing Forces in Children: The Effect of Instructions

Prapavessis¹,

McNair²,

Anderson³

et al. 2003

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Study Design: Randomized controlled experimental design. Objectives: To examine the effects of verbal instructions related to control of joint kinematics and auditory feedback on lowering the vertical peak ground reaction forces associated with landing from a jump in children. Background: The majority of children's injuries are associated with activities that involve jumping and landing. Instructions related to joint motion may assist children in decreasing landing forces and thus reduce the chances of sustaining an injury. Methods and Measures: Sixty-one school children whose mean (±SD) age was 9 (±0.89) years participated. The children were randomly assigned (by school) to either experimental (received instruction on lower limb position and auditory cues) or control (received no instruction) groups. Participants were required to step off a box 300 mm in height and land on a force plate. The testing procedure involved 5 sessions. The first 4 sessions were performed over 3 days in the same week, while session 5 was performed approximately 3 months later to assess retention of the skill. The main outcome measure was the peak vertical ground reaction force recorded at foot strike. Results: After instructions, subjects in the experimental group produced lower peak ground reaction forces (PϽ0.05) during landing compared to their control counterparts (ie, sessions 2-4). There was no significant difference (PϽ0.05) between groups at session 5 (3 months postinstruction). Conclusions: Children are capable of assimilating precise instruction to minimize forces on the lower limbs during landing from a jump. Providing further opportunity (ie, more than 1 session) to perform the skill does not alter the magnitude of the effect observed after the initial session of instruction. However, the improvements in landing performance were temporary.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreasing Landing Forces in Children: The Effect of Instructions

Prapavessis¹,

McNair²,

Anderson³

et al. 2003

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…Alguns estudos (Bisseling, 2008;Richards, Ajemian, Wiley, & Zernicke, 1996;Salci, Kentel, Heycan, Akin, & Korkusuz, 2004) investigaram a dinâmica das recepções ao solo de atletas profissionais de voleibol masculino e concluíram que o aumento na altura do salto causou maiores forças de impacto e uma tendência de aumento da amplitude da flexão plantar e da velocidade angular de dorsiflexão do tornozelo no contato inicial do solo. Porém, outras investigações (McNitt-Gray, 1991;Santello & McDonagh, 1998) De maneira geral, dentre as variáveis investigadas, os valores angulares do quadril e do joelho no momento da recepção ao solo, assim como a massa corporal do indivíduo possuem maior poder de explicação nos valores de impacto nos membros inferiores. Por outro lado, independente da altura do salto, a magnitude do impacto nos membros inferiores parece não sofrer alterações significativas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Factores que interferem nas magnitudes de impacto na recepção ao solo no remate em suspensão do andebol

Santos¹,

Detanico²,

Piucco³

2011

Motricidade

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RESUMOEste estudo objectivou analisar as magnitudes dos impactos nos membros inferiores de atletas de andebol durante a recepção ao solo no remate em suspensão e relacioná-las com massa corporal (MC) dos atletas, altura do salto (AS) e ângulos de flexão do joelho (AJ) e do quadril (AQ) na recepção. Participaram nove atletas de andebol com idade de 22.2 ± 1.4 anos. Foi utilizado um acelerómetro triaxial para análise dos impactos no joelho e no tornozelo e um sistema de reconstrução tridimensional de movimento para análise cinemática do AQ, AJ e AS. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, análise de variância e regressão linear múltipla, com significância de 5%. As maiores magnitudes de impactos ocorreram no eixo antero-posterior, tanto no joelho (28.24 g), quanto no tornozelo (59.81 g); 71% do impacto no joelho pode ser explicado pelas variáveis AQ e MC; 45% do impacto no tornozelo pode ser explicado pelas variáveis AQ e AJ. Conclui-se que o ângulo de flexão do quadril foi a variável mais determinante nos valores de impactos nos membros inferiores, enquanto a altura do salto parece não ter influência, mostrando que o domínio da técnica correcta de recepção ao solo pode minimizar as sobrecargas aplicadas no organismo dos atletas. Palavras-chave: impacto, cinemática, sobrecarga ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze the impact magnitude in the lower limbs during the landing phase in handball jump throw as well as to relate the impacts with the body weight (BW), jump height (JH) and the knee flexion angle (KA) and hip flexion angle (HA) during landing. Nine handball athletes, aged 22.2 ± 1.4 years took part in this study. A triaxial accelerometer was used to analyze the knee and ankle impacts. Kinematics parameters were investigated using a three-dimensional system. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and linear multiple regression set at 5% were used. The highest impact magnitudes occurred in the anteroposterior axis of the knee (28.24 g) as well as in the ankle (59.81 g) with 71% of the knee impact explained by HA and BW while 45% of the ankle impact were explained by HA and KA. Results allow for the conclusion that hip flexion had the highest influence on the lower limb impact whereas there was no observed influence of jump height. Therefore, correct landing technique can minimize the overload applied to the athlete's joints.

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“…점프 후 착지 시 하지 상해는 이미 많은 선행연구에서 그 위험성을 제시하고 있다 (Lim, 2007;Dufek, & Bates, 1990;Kovacs et al, 1999;Olney & Richards, 1996;McNitt-Gray, 1991). 또한 착지 시 하지 근육의 근피로를 유발하여 관절 상해 위험요인을 제시하였다 (Kells & Kouvelioti, 2009;Scott et al, 2002).…”

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Analysis on Biomechanical Differences in Lower Limbs Caused by Increasing Heart Rates During Drop-landing

Hong¹,

Kim²

2015

Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics

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Objective : This study aimed to understand how increased heart rates at the time of drop landing during a step test would affect biomechanical variables of the lower extremity limbs. Background : Ballet performers do more than 200 landings in a daily training. This training raises the heart rate and the fatigability of the lower extremity limbs. Ballet performance high heart rate can trigger lower extremity limb injury.Method : We instructed eight female ballet dancers with no instability in their ankle joints(mean ± SD: age, 20.7 ± 0.7 yr; body mass index, 19.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2, career duration, 8.7± 2.0 yr) to perform the drop landing under the following conditions: rest, 60% heart rate reserve (HRR) and 80% HRR.Results : First, the study confirmed that the increased heart rates of the female ballet dancers did not affect the working ranges of the knee joints during drop landing but only increased angular speeds, which was considered a negative shock-absorption strategy. Second, 80% HRR, which was increased through the step tests, led to severe fatigue among the female ballet dancers, which made them unable to perform a lower extremity limb-neutral position. Hence, their drop landing was unstable, with increased introversion and extroversion moments. Third, we observed that the increasing 80% HRR failed to help the dancers effectively control ground reaction forces but improved the muscular activities of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis oblique muscles. Fourth, the increasing heart rates were positively related to the muscular activities of the vastus medialis oblique and rectus femoris muscles, and the extroversion and introversion moments. Conclusion/Application : Our results prove that increased HRR during a step test negatively affects the biomechanical variables of the lower extremity limbs at the time of drop landing.

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Kinematics and Impulse Characteristics of Drop Landings from Three Heights

Cited by 144 publications

References 4 publications

Decreasing Landing Forces in Children: The Effect of Instructions

Decreasing Landing Forces in Children: The Effect of Instructions

Factores que interferem nas magnitudes de impacto na recepção ao solo no remate em suspensão do andebol

Analysis on Biomechanical Differences in Lower Limbs Caused by Increasing Heart Rates During Drop-landing

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