Kinematics matters: A new eye-tracking investigation of animated triangles

Roux, Paul; Passerieux, Christine; Ramus, Franck

doi:10.1080/17470218.2012.704052

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…The eyetracking results revealed that individuals with and without schizophrenia showed a similar modulation of eye movements in response to the different conditions of the Frith-Happé animations. First, both groups showed the same increase in fixation duration from R to ToM animations, consistently with previous studies 42 46 47 48 . This suggests an equal increase in cognitive processing related to the integration of mental states in patients as in controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Secondly, gaze directed to the triangles were longer from R to GD to ToM, thus suggesting that eye movements were preferentially drawn to social agents 46 . Finally, it has been suggested that eye tracking differences between ToM and GD were explained by idiosyncratic low-level kinematic properties of the Frith–Happé animations, whereas the differences between R on the one hand and GD/ToM, on the other hand, remained significant even after taking into account kinematic confounds 47 . Thus, the eye tracking measures gathered on Frith-Happé animations can be considered as quantitative and implicit markers of intentional interpretations 48 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Preserved implicit mentalizing in schizophrenia despite poor explicit performance: evidence from eye tracking

Roux

Smith

Passerieux

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Schizophrenia has been characterized by an impaired mentalizing. It has been suggested that distinguishing implicit from explicit processes is crucial in social cognition, and only the latter might be affected in schizophrenia. Two other questions remain open: (1) Is schizophrenia characterized by an hypo- or hyper attribution of intentions? (2) Is it characterized by a deficit in the attribution of intention or of contingency? To test these three questions, spontaneous mentalizing was tested in 29 individuals with schizophrenia and 29 control subjects using the Frith-Happé animations, while eye movements were recorded. Explicit mentalizing was measured from participants’ verbal descriptions and was contrasted with implicit mentalizing measured through eye tracking. As a group, patients made less accurate and less intentional descriptions of the goal-directed and theory of mind animations. No group differences were found in the attribution of contingency. Eye tracking results revealed that patients and controls showed a similar modulation of eye movements in response to the mental states displayed in the Frith-Happé animations. To conclude, in this paradigm, participants with schizophrenia showed a dissociation between explicit and implicit mentalizing, with a decrease in the explicit attribution of intentions, whereas their eye movements suggested a preserved implicit perception of intentions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Preserved implicit mentalizing in schizophrenia despite poor explicit performance: evidence from eye tracking

Roux

Smith

Passerieux

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…While the pursuit identification procedure used in the current study is laborious and complicated, we currently don’t see any better alternative. One popular strategy is to digest raw eye movements with an algorithm that extracts only fixations and saccades (e.g., Klein et al, 2009 ; Roux, Passerieux & Ramus, 2013 ). Episodes of smooth eye movement are then decomposed into fixations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their judgments may thus reflect the task demands rather than attributes of human perception. With regard to the stimuli, Roux, Passerieux & Ramus (2013) showed that a difference in the total fixation time dedicated to a pair of moving objects in two different hand-tailored displays used in Klein et al (2009) disappears once the distance between the two objects is controlled. Finally, researchers offered computational level analyses ( Feldman & Tremoulet, 2008 ; Baker, Saxe & Tenenbaum, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pursuit tracks chase: exploring the role of eye movements in the detection of chasing

Šimkovic

Träuble

2015

PeerJ

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We explore the role of eye movements in a chase detection task. Unlike the previous studies, which focused on overall performance as indicated by response speed and chase detection accuracy, we decompose the search process into gaze events such as smooth eye movements and use a data-driven approach to separately describe these gaze events. We measured eye movements of four human subjects engaged in a chase detection task displayed on a computer screen. The subjects were asked to detect two chasing rings among twelve other randomly moving rings. Using principal component analysis and support vector machines, we looked at the template and classification images that describe various stages of the detection process. We showed that the subjects mostly search for pairs of rings that move one after another in the same direction with a distance of 3.5–3.8 degrees. To find such pairs, the subjects first looked for regions with a high ring density and then pursued the rings in this region. Most of these groups consisted of two rings. Three subjects preferred to pursue the pair as a single object, while the remaining subject pursued the group by alternating the gaze between the two individual rings. In the discussion, we argue that subjects do not compare the movement of the pursued pair to a singular preformed template that describes a chasing motion. Rather, subjects bring certain hypotheses about what motion may qualify as chase and then, through feedback, they learn to look for a motion pattern that maximizes their performance.

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“…In addition to the heat-seeking direction explicitly modeled here, other motion cues may also impact the performance of search-for-chase, such as spatial proximity (e.g., Roux, Passerieux, & Ramus, 2013;Meyerhoff, Schwan & Huff, 2014b). Recent studies have shown that reduced inter-object spacing guides visual attention and eye movements in dynamic multi-objects displays (Galazka & Nystr€ om, 2016;Meyerhoff, Schwan & Huff, 2018;Zelinsky & Todor, 2010).…”

Section: A Linear Effect Of Set-size and Beyondmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cognitive Architecture of Perceived Animacy: Intention, Attention, and Memory

et al. 2019

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Human vision supports social perception by efficiently detecting agents and extracting rich information about their actions, goals, and intentions. Here, we explore the cognitive architecture of perceived animacy by constructing Bayesian models that integrate domain‐specific hypotheses of social agency with domain‐general cognitive constraints on sensory, memory, and attentional processing. Our model posits that perceived animacy combines a bottom–up, feature‐based, parallel search for goal‐directed movements with a top–down selection process for intent inference. The interaction of these architecturally distinct processes makes perceived animacy fast, flexible, and yet cognitively efficient. In the context of chasing, in which a predator (the “wolf”) pursues a prey (the “sheep”), our model addresses the computational challenge of identifying target agents among varying numbers of distractor objects, despite a quadratic increase in the number of possible interactions as more objects appear in a scene. By comparing modeling results with human psychophysics in several studies, we show that the effectiveness and efficiency of human perceived animacy can be explained by a Bayesian ideal observer model with realistic cognitive constraints. These results provide an understanding of perceived animacy at the algorithmic level—how it is achieved by cognitive mechanisms such as attention and working memory, and how it can be integrated with higher‐level reasoning about social agency.

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Kinematics matters: A new eye-tracking investigation of animated triangles

Cited by 17 publications

References 53 publications

Preserved implicit mentalizing in schizophrenia despite poor explicit performance: evidence from eye tracking

Preserved implicit mentalizing in schizophrenia despite poor explicit performance: evidence from eye tracking

Pursuit tracks chase: exploring the role of eye movements in the detection of chasing

The Cognitive Architecture of Perceived Animacy: Intention, Attention, and Memory

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