Kinematics of head movement in simulated low velocity rear-end impacts

Hernández, Ivonne A.; Fyfe, K.R.; Heo, Giseon; Major, Paul W.

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.07.002

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It did not start until the volunteer had understood the experiment, had no more questions, and he/she was sensorised. This braking test was designed taking into account several references [ 2 , 7 , 15 , 16 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. In total, there were two braking test scenarios: Braking Test 1 (BT1) and Braking Test 2 (BT2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Electromyography Study Using a Low-Cost System: Are There Neck Muscles Differences When the Passenger Is Warned during an Emergency Braking Inside an Autonomous Vehicle?

Santos-Cuadros

Toro

Olmeda

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Deaths and serious injuries caused by traffic accidents is a concerning public health problem. However, the problem can be mitigated by the Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system, which can avoid the impact. The market penetration of AEB is exponentially growing, and non-impact situations are expected to become more frequent. Thus, new injury patterns must be analysed, and the neck is particularly sensitive to sudden acceleration changes. Abrupt braking would be enough to be a potential risk for cervical spine injury. There is controversy about whether or not there are differences in cervical behaviour depending on whether passengers are relaxed or contract their muscles before the imminent accident. In the present manuscript, 18 volunteers were subjected to two different levels of awareness during an emergency braking test. Cervical muscles (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius) were analysed by the sEMG signal captured by means of a low-cost system. The differences observed in the muscle response according to gender and age were notable when passengers are warned. Gender differences were more significant in the post-braking phase. When passengers were relaxed, subjects older than 35 registered higher sEMG values. Meanwhile, when passengers contract their muscles, subjects who were younger than or equal to 35 years old experienced an increment in the values of the sEMG signals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…several references [2,7,15,16,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. In total, there were two braking test scenarios: Braking Test 1 (BT1) and Braking Test 2 (BT2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Electromyography Study Using a Low-Cost System: Are There Neck Muscles Differences When the Passenger Is Warned during an Emergency Braking Inside an Autonomous Vehicle?

Santos-Cuadros

Toro

Olmeda

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The autonomous bus was programmed to reach a deceleration of 4 m/s 2 . This acceleration value was chosen according to diverse studies [ 51 , 54 , 56 , 59 , 75 , 76 , 79 , 91 , 92 , 108 ] where low speed pre-impact tests were performed using volunteers. In these studies, seated and stabilised subjects were exposed to sled accelerations ranging from 4 to 12 m/s 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, with the aim to check our second hypothesis (no restraint system in autonomous vehicles when travelling at low speed could be safer for passengers), our findings were analysed also taking into account conclusions obtained in the literature, where tests using seat belts with the same deceleration levels (approximately 4m/s 2 [ 51 , 54 , 56 , 59 , 75 , 76 , 79 , 91 , 92 , 108 ]) were performed. The findings drawn from the sEMG signals and the relative motion observed between head and torso during braking were contrasted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Step 4 (Braking test performance): The deceleration test started when the volunteers were ready, they had no more questions, they had understood the experiment and when they were sensorised. The braking tests were designed following numerous references [ 3 , 53 , 63 , 67 , 74 , 75 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ] and keeping in mind that subjects would not use the seat belt. The timing experiment was previously defined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of the Emergency Braking Test with an Autonomous Bus and the sEMG Neck Response by Means of a Low-Cost System

et al. 2020

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Nowadays, due to the advances and the increasing implementation of the autonomous braking systems in vehicles, the non-collision accident is expected to become more common than a crash when a sudden stop happens. The most common injury in this kind of accident is whiplash or cervical injury since the neck has high sensitivity to sharp deceleration. To date, biomechanical research has usually been developed inside laboratories and does not entirely represent real conditions (e.g., restraint systems or surroundings of the experiment). With the aim of knowing the possible neck effects and consequences of an automatic emergency braking inside an autonomous bus, a surface electromyography (sEMG) system built by low-cost elements and developed by us, in tandem with other devices, such as accelerometers or cameras, were used. Moreover, thanks to the collaboration of 18 participants, it was possible to study the non-collision effects in two different scenarios (braking test in which the passenger is seated and looking ahead while talking with somebody in front of him (BT1) and, a second braking test where the passenger used a smartphone (BT2) and nobody is seated in front of him talking to him). The aim was to assess the sEMG neck response in the most common situations when somebody uses some kind of transport in order to conclude which environments are riskier regarding a possible cervical injury.

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Société de Biomécanique Young Investigator Award 2019: Upper body behaviour of seated humans in vivo under controlled lateral accelerations

Sandoz

Persohn

González‐García

et al. 2023

Clinical Biomechanics

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Kinematics of head movement in simulated low velocity rear-end impacts

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Surface Electromyography Study Using a Low-Cost System: Are There Neck Muscles Differences When the Passenger Is Warned during an Emergency Braking Inside an Autonomous Vehicle?

Surface Electromyography Study Using a Low-Cost System: Are There Neck Muscles Differences When the Passenger Is Warned during an Emergency Braking Inside an Autonomous Vehicle?

Study of the Emergency Braking Test with an Autonomous Bus and the sEMG Neck Response by Means of a Low-Cost System

Société de Biomécanique Young Investigator Award 2019: Upper body behaviour of seated humans in vivo under controlled lateral accelerations

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