Kinematics of partial and total ruptures of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow

Importance of the posterior bundle of the medial ulnar collateral ligament

“…Whereas the role of the aMUCL as the primary restraint against valgus instability has been studied and established, 3,7,13 there are relatively fewer studies that have focused on the biomechanical importance of the pMUCL. [2][3][4][5]8,16 Furthermore, although the MUCL has been examined within the context of other studies, there are even fewer biomechanical studies that have focused specifically on the posterior bundle of the MUCL. 17 The present data carry several clinical implications, particularly relating to operative management of elbow fracturedislocations (ie, terrible triad injuries).…”

“…3 Several biomechanical studies have discussed the role of the pMUCL in conferring stability within the context of evaluating other ligaments. [2][3][4]7,12 Whereas the pMUCL's influence on stabilizing against valgus forces and rotation moments has been studied, the importance of the posterior bundle as a secondary stabilizer against dislocation, which involves several simultaneous forces, has not been quantified.…”

Wrist stability after experimental traumatic triangular fibrocartilage complex lesions

“…[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] With 3 potentiometers and 3 pairs of strain gauges the MATMI allows for simultaneous recordings of angular displacement and externally generated torque about 3 axes (Fig. 1).…”

Medial elbow injury in young throwing athletes

“…Differentiation between an injured MCL and flexor-pronator muscle injury is verified by the absence of increased pain near the origin of the flexor-pronator musculature origin with wrist flexion 12 . Eygendaal et al 41 reported that identification of isolated partial-thickness anterior bundle MCL tears based on medial joint opening and valgus laxity is impossible, although it can be used to diagnose full-thickness tears.…”