Kinematics of stair ascent in healthy dogs

Durant, April M.; Millis, Darryl L.; Headrick, Jason

doi:10.3415/vcot-10-03-0038

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The traditional method utilized for analyzing canine stifle kinematics involves attaching reflective markers to the overlying skin of tissue landmarks with movement captured by digital cameras [5–8]. These studies, while non-invasive, do not provide precise data regarding movement of the underlying bones; instead these studies only yield general information on the angles and velocities of femorotibial flexion-extension movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal patellofemoral kinematic patterns during daily activities in dogs

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPatellar abnormalities are a common cause of pain and lameness in dogs; however, in vivo the relative motion between the femur and patella in dogs is not well described. The objective of this study was to define normal in vivo sagittal plane patellofemoral kinematics in three axes of motion using non-invasive methods. We hypothesized patellofemoral alignment in the sagittal plane would tightly correlate with the femorotibial flexion angle. Six healthy dogs without orthopedic disease underwent computed tomography (CT) of their hind limbs to create 3-D models of the patella and femur. Normal stifle joint motion was captured via flat-panel imaging while each dog performed a series of routine activities, including sitting, walking, and trotting. The 3-D models of the patella and femur were digitally superimposed over the radiographic images with shape-matching software and the precise movement of the patella relative to the femur was calculated.ResultsAs the femorotibial joint flexed, the patellofemoral joint also flexed and the patella moved caudally and distally within the femoral trochlea during each activity. Patellar flexion and distal translation during walk and sit were linearly coupled with the femorotibial flexion angle. Offset was evident while trotting, where patella poses were significantly different between early and late swing phase (p ≤ 0.003). Patellar flexion ranged from 51 to 6° while trotting. The largest flexion angle (92°) occurred during sit. The patella traversed the entire proximodistal length of the femoral trochlea during these daily activities.ConclusionsUsing single-plane flat-panel imaging, we demonstrated normal in vivo patellofemoral kinematics is tightly coupled with femorotibial kinematics; however, trot kinematic patterns did not follow the path defined by walking and stand-to-sit motions. Our normal data can be used in future studies to help define patellofemoral joint kinematics in dogs with stifle abnormalities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal patellofemoral kinematic patterns during daily activities in dogs

et al. 2016

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“…The exercise started on the 14th day after the surgical correction because AROM exercise required the greater strength of muscle (Millis and Levine, 2014). We used trotting gait in this study because it provided greater joint excursion of each joint approximately five degree except in stifle joint can be increased approximately 20 degrees of motion as compared with walking (Durant et al, 2011). Therefore, we would like to investigate the greater excursion of trotting when using non-slipping socks.…”

Section: Chapter V Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AROM of forelimbs and pelvic limbs are investigated during ascending the stair compared with trotting on ground surface. The study found that walking on ramp or ascending stair provided increase in range of motion of forelimbs and pelvic limbs (Millard et al, 2010;Durant et al, 2011;Carr et al, 2013). Swimming provided greater range of motion of the stifle and hip joints compared with walking in dogs undergone surgical correction of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (Marsolais et al, 2003).…”

Section: Importance and Rationalementioning

confidence: 94%

“…The target of the physical therapy to reduce pain and preserve normal range of motion of affected limb (Durant et al, 2011). The activity provide greater and difference ROM combine with work and trotting are benefited for affected limb which recovering from surgery (Marsolais et al, 2003;Carr et al, 2013).…”

Section: Range Of Motion (Rom)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, in clinical practice play attention on ROM in dog, there are several studies investigated ROM in dog by using kinematic gait analysis in normal dog during walking and trotting (DeCamp et al, 1993;Allen et al, 1994;Hottinger et al, 1996). Walk provide a little ROM of total available range of motion about one-third of total range of motion, while trotting exercise increase 5 degree of range of motion for each joint, except stifle joint which add more 20 degree compare with walking (Durant et al, 2011). In addition, there are several studies to assess activity which can enhance ROM in dog.…”

Section: Range Of Motion (Rom)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Outcomes of Non-Slipping Socks Application in Pomeranians Undergoing Surgical Correction of Medial Patellar Luxation

Temkunnatham

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The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of non-slipping socks on active range of motion, passive range of motion and lameness scores in Pomeranians undergoing surgical correction of grade 3 medial patellar luxation. Dogs were divided into two groups; the control group (n=10 dogs), and the experimental group (n=10 dogs). In experimental group, the data were collected while non-wearing non-slipping socks (Experimental A group: Ex A) and while wearing non-slipping socks (Experimental B group: Ex B). Both groups were brought to walk and trot on treadmill for 10 minutes three times a week on treadmill. Starting at 14th day after surgical correction, non-slipping socks were applied in dogs in the experimental group during trotting on the treadmill. This scheduled activity was repeated every 2 weeks until 8 weeks. Clinical outcomes were assessed basing on range of motion (ROM), maximum extension angle (MEA), maximum flexion angle (MFA), passive range motion of the stifle joint using goniometer and lameness scores. These data were collected 5 times; prior to surgery, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after surgery. The results showed that the MEA of stifle joint was significantly greater in the experimental group at 4 and 6 weeks post-operatively when compared with the control group. There were statistically significant increase ROM and decrease MFA of the stifle joints at 2 and 4 weeks post-operatively in wearing non-slipping socks when compared with the non wearing non-slipping socks . In conclusion, trotting combinated with wearing non-slipping socks could be used to gain effectiveness for veterinary physical therapy in dogs.

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