Kinesiophobia Levels in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Control Investigation

Abstract

Background: Kinesiophobia can be an obstacle to physical and motor activity in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD affects patients’ independence in carrying out daily activities. It also impacts a patient’s biopsychosocial well-being. The objective of this study was to analyze the levels and scores of kinesiophobia in PD patients and compare them with healthy volunteers. Methods: We deployed a case-control study and recruited 124 subjects (mean age 69.18 ± 9.12). PD patients were recruited from a center of excellence for Parkinson’s disease (cases n = 62). Control subjects were recruited from the same hospital (control n = 62). Kinesiophobia total scores and categories were self-reported using the Spanish version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Results: Differences between cases and control groups were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were shown between groups when comparing kinesiophobia categories (or levels) and total scores, revealing higher kinesiophobia symptoms and levels in PD patients. All of the PD patients reported some degree of kinesiophobia (TSK-11 ≥ 18), while the majority of PD patients (77.3%) had kinesiophobia scores rated as moderate to severe (TSK-11 ≥ 25). On the other hand, ~45.1% of controls reported no or slight kinesiophobia and 53.2% reported moderate kinesiophobia. Conclusions: Total kinesiophobia scores were significantly higher in PD patients compared with healthy controls, with moderate to severe kinesiophobia levels prevailing in PD patients. Therefore, individuals living with PD should be evaluated and controlled in order to detect initial kinesiophobia symptoms.

Kinesiophobia in People with Multiple Sclerosis and Its Relationship with Physical Activity, Pain and Acceptance of Disease

“…This area of disease has so far been poorly researched, and reports are scarce. The presented results, as well as previous studies, indicate that the scale of this problem is large [ 22 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Kinesiophobia in Elderly Polish Patients After Ischemic Stroke, Including Frailty Syndrome

“…One of these studies included post-stroke patients in Poland. 12 The problem of kinesiophobia was also assessed in other neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease 12 , 29 , 30 and a multiple sclerosis. 12 , 31 In these diseases, similarly to stroke, the level of kinesiophobia increased in comparison to the results obtained in the persons from the control groups.…”

Association between subtalar articular surface typing and flat foot deformity: which type is more likely to cause flat foot deformity

“…The etiology and features of flat foot were considered in the original studies to be PTTD, but as research progressed, the widely accepted view was that flat foot was a progressive deformity associated with a variety of structures [ 19 , 20 ]. The clinical symptoms that manifest as the deformity progresses can also vary and can result from an initial pain in the medial arch affecting a normal gait ultimately progressing to severe conditions such as arthritis due to abnormalities in the force placed on the articular surface [ 21 – 24 ]. Found that the bony support to the talus differed among the different types of the subtalar articular surface, and that stabilization of the STJ when support decreased or when mobility increased would be more dependent on the surrounding ligamentous structures, with extension of time after the ligamentous stretch resulting in decreased static stability of the joint and increased potential pathological activity, giving rise to manifestations of flat foot deformities such as decreased medial longitudinal arch [ 9 , 25 , 26 ].…”