“…Psychological factors (such as pain catastrophising, fear and pain self-efficacy) have been shown to relate more to improved pain or activity limitation than physical parameters such as movement or abdominal muscle function (Mannion, Caporaso, Pulkovski, & Sprott, 2012;Mannion et al, 2001;Nordstoga, Meisingset, Vasseljen, Nilsen, & Unsgaard-Tondel, 2019). Psychological factors have also been shown to influence the embodiment of cautious and protective movement behaviours (Matheve et al, 2019;Olugbade, Bianchi-Berthouze, & Williams, 2019;Osumi et al, 2019) and mediate improvement (Lee et al, 2017;Liew et al, 2020;Mansell, Kamper, & Kent, 2013;Smeets, Vlaeyen, Kester, & Knottnerus, 2006). It may be that threat reduction, following the safe completion of previously painful, feared, or avoided activities perceived as dangerous or damaging, led to clinical improvement, irrespective of whether this was related to changes in movement or posture (Mannion et al, 2012;Steiger et al, 2012).…”