Kinetic adaptation during locomotion on a split-belt treadmill

Mawase, Firas; Haizler, Tamar; Bar-Haim, Simona; Karniel, Amir

doi:10.1152/jn.00938.2012

Cited by 78 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The system was also able to determine representative gait events such as initial contact (IC) and toe off (TO) for each leg independently (Roerdink et al 2008). In this study, our primary adaptation measurement was COP symmetry, which has previously been shown as a robust adaptation index (Mawase et al 2013). COP symmetry was defined as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predominantly, we aimed to test the learning process that underlies locomotor adaptation. To answer this question, we began with reanalyzing previously collected data from Mawase et al (2013) (experiment 1). We followed up with two additional experiments (experiments 2 and 3) in which we tested the best variation of the SSM that explains savings during locomotor adaptation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For experiment 1 adaptation-washout (AW), we reanalyzed data of 10 subjects (6 males, 4 females, mean age, 25.8 Ϯ 3.4 years) from a dataset previously reported by Mawase et al (2013). For all subjects, the self-identified dominant leg was the right leg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, we reanalyzed our previous published data (Mawase et al 2013). Figure 2A shows the learning process during adaptation to speed perturbation using the split-belt system.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Learning Processes In Locomotor Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was suggested that such adaptation depends on an error-based process that gradually updates one's controller based on the discrepancy between forward model predictions and sensory inputs (e.g., sensory prediction errors) (Shadmehr and Mussa-Ivaldi 1994). For example, when humans start to walk on split-belt treadmill imposing different speeds to each leg, the sensory consequences of the motor commands are different than expected, causing kinematic (Reisman et al 2005) and kinetic (Mawase et al 2013) motor errors. Exposed to such perturbation, subjects gradually modulate the walking speed of each leg to adapt to the speed imposed by the treadmill.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Savings in locomotor adaptation explained by changes in learning parameters following initial adaptation

Mawase

Shmuelof

Bar-Haim

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Faster relearning of an external perturbation, savings, offers a behavioral linkage between motor learning and memory. To explain savings effects in reaching adaptation experiments, recent models suggested the existence of multiple learning components, each shows different learning and forgetting properties that may change following initial learning. Nevertheless, the existence of these components in rhythmic movements with other effectors, such as during locomotor adaptation, has not yet been studied. Here, we study savings in locomotor adaptation in two experiments; in the first, subjects adapted to speed perturbations during walking on a split-belt treadmill, briefly adapted to a counter-perturbation and then readapted. In a second experiment, subjects readapted after a prolonged period of washout of initial adaptation. In both experiments we find clear evidence for increased learning rates (savings) during readaptation. We show that the basic error-based multiple timescales linear state space model is not sufficient to explain savings during locomotor adaptation. Instead, we show that locomotor adaptation leads to changes in learning parameters, so that learning rates are faster during readaptation. Interestingly, we find an intersubject correlation between the slow learning component in initial adaptation and the fast learning component in the readaptation phase, suggesting an underlying mechanism for savings. Together, these findings suggest that savings in locomotion and in reaching may share common computational and neuronal mechanisms; both are driven by the slow learning component and are likely to depend on cortical plasticity. computational motor control; locomotor adaptation; motor learning; split-belt

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, we reanalyzed our previous published data (Mawase et al 2013). Figure 2A shows the learning process during adaptation to speed perturbation using the split-belt system.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Learning Processes In Locomotor Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Savings in locomotor adaptation explained by changes in learning parameters following initial adaptation

Mawase

Shmuelof

Bar-Haim

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Motor Learning

Krakauer¹,

Hadjiosif²,

Xu³

et al. 2019

Comprehensive Physiology

580

573

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Motor learning encompasses a wide range of phenomena, ranging from relatively low-level mechanisms for maintaining calibration of our movements, to making high-level cognitive decisions about how to act in a novel situation. We survey the major existing approaches to characterizing motor learning at both the behavioral and neural level. In particular, we critically review two long-standing paradigms used in motor learning research-adaptation and sequence learning. We discuss the extent to which these paradigms can be considered models of motor skill acquisition, defined as the incremental improvement in our ability to rapidly select and then precisely execute appropriate actions, and conclude that they fall short of doing so. We then discuss two classes of emerging research paradigms-learning of arbitrary visuomotor mappings de novo and learning to execute movements with improved acuity-that more effectively address the acquisition of motor skill. Future work will be needed to determine the degree to which laboratory-based studies of skill, as described in this review, will relate to true expertise, which is likely dependent on the effects of practice on multiple cognitive processes that go beyond traditional sensorimotor neural architecture.

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Plantar tactile perturbations enhance transfer of split-belt locomotor adaptation

et al. 2015

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Patterns of human locomotion are highly adaptive and flexible, and depend on the environmental context. Locomotor adaptation requires the use of multisensory information to perceive altered environmental dynamics and generate an appropriate movement pattern. In this study, we investigated the use of multisensory information during locomotor learning. Proprioceptive perturbations were induced by vibrating tactors, placed bilaterally over the plantar surfaces. Under these altered sensory conditions, participants were asked to perform a split-belt locomotor task representative of motor learning. Twenty healthy young participants were separated into two groups: no-tactors (NT) and tactors (TC). All participants performed an overground walking trial, followed by treadmill walking including 18 minutes of split-belt adaptation and an overground trial to determine transfer effects. Interlimb coordination was quantified by symmetry indices and analyzed using mixed repeated measures ANOVAs. Both groups adapted to the locomotor task, indicated by significant reductions in gait symmetry during the split-belt task. No significant group differences in spatiotemporal and kinetic parameters were observed on the treadmill. However, significant groups differences were observed overground. Step and swing time asymmetries learned on the split belt treadmill, were retained and decayed more slowly overground in the TC group whereas in NT, asymmetries were rapidly lost. These results suggest that tactile stimulation contributed to increased lower limb proprioceptive gain. High proprioceptive gain allows for more persistent overground after-effects, at the cost of reduced adaptability. Such persistence may be utilized in populations displaying pathologic asymmetric gait by retraining a more symmetric pattern.

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Kinetic adaptation during locomotion on a split-belt treadmill

Cited by 78 publications

References 71 publications

Savings in locomotor adaptation explained by changes in learning parameters following initial adaptation

Savings in locomotor adaptation explained by changes in learning parameters following initial adaptation

Motor Learning

Plantar tactile perturbations enhance transfer of split-belt locomotor adaptation

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