Kinetic analysis of the RAFT copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride by differential scanning calorimetry

Benvenuta‐Tapia, Juan José; Vivaldo‐Lima, Eduardo; Tenorio-López, José Alfredo; Vargas-Hernández, María de los Ángeles; Vázquez‐Torres, Humberto

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2018.07.013

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In order to determine the exothermic peaks exactly, the temperature rise rate was set at 4 °C/min in a highly pure nitrogen atmosphere, and two weak exothermic peaks ( T 1 and T 2 ) and one strong exothermic peak ( T peak ) were observed at about 120, 160, and 340 °C, respectively. It is known from the literature that the thermal polymerization temperature of styrene is 120 °C and the thermal decomposition temperature of toluene is 800 °C and also that toluene can be oxidized when air is introduced into the crucibles during sample preparation . The two weak exothermic peaks observed at about 120–200 °C ( T 1 and T 2 ) were potentially caused by polymerization of styrene and oxidation of toluene together.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Risk of Thermal Runaway in the Industrial Process of Styrene Solution Polymerization

Zhao

Zhang²,

et al. 2021

Org. Process Res. Dev.

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Polymerization reactions are exothermic processes that are often accompanied by viscosity changes, and they can pose hazards due to thermal runaway. This paper describes an investigation of the potential for thermal runaway in the industrial process of styrene solution polymerization, in which particular focus was devoted to the effects of the monomer concentration and the solvent. As the monomer concentration increased from 20.0 to 50.0 wt %, the heat of reaction Q r and the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT ad increased in a linear manner from 19.0 ± 0.2 to 58.1 ± 0.6 kJ and 21.7 ± 0.1 to 64.8 ± 0.6 K, respectively, and the maximum temperature attained by the synthesis reaction (MTSR) was also increased from 86.1 ± 0.2 to 101.5 ± 0.2 °C. In addition, the molecular weight distribution of polystyrene was around 1.9, and the distribution was broad. The risk of a potential runaway reaction was evaluated using the Stoessel assessment criteria and Zurich Hazard Analysis. The criticality of runaway polymerization remained constant with increasing concentration, and class 1 risk was observed. However, the severity of a potential runaway reaction was increased from negligible to medium class. It was found that the solvent had an important effect on the risk of thermal runaway during polymerization. The criticality of the high-boiling solvents toluene and cyclohexanone used in this work was class 1, while that of the low-boiling solvent ethyl acetate was class 3. This work provides valuable insight that can help to control thermal risk in the chemical industry.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Risk of Thermal Runaway in the Industrial Process of Styrene Solution Polymerization

Zhao

Zhang²,

et al. 2021

Org. Process Res. Dev.

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“…With these methods, numerical data for activation energy of thermal decomposition can be obtained. The non‐isothermal method is based on the ratio of the temperature difference between the sample and the reference material, which receives equal heat to the reference material's temperature 27,28 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of novel functionalized methacrylate copolymers and their copolymerization kinetics, thermal stability, and biocidal properties

Erol

Güldiken

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the first step of this study, 2‐[(methoxy‐1,3‐benzothiazole‐2‐yl)amino]‐2‐oxoethyl methacrylate (MBAOM) monomer was synthesized and characterized. Then, a series copolymers were obtained by free‐radical copolymerization method of MBAOM and glycidyl methacrylate, which is a commercial monomer at 65°C in 1,4‐dioxane solvent. Structural characterizations of synthesized monomer and copolymers were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C‐NMR) instruments. The composition of the copolymers was estimated by elemental analysis. The thermal behaviors of all the polymers have been investigated using the differential scanning calorimetry and the thermogravimetric analysis. A kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of copolymers was investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer with non‐isothermal methods selected for analyzing solid‐state kinetics data. The activation energy (Ea) values were calculated via Kissinger and Ozawa models in a period of α = 0.10–0.80. Photostability of the copolymers was investigated. Also, the biological activity of the copolymers against different bacterial and fungal species has been investigated.

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“…64 Previous studies on diblock and triblock (PSMA-b-PSty or PSMA-b-PSty-b-PSMA) showed one or two glass transition temperatures, depending on the fraction of each block. 71 For copolymers with a short PSMA block compared to PSty block, only one T g corresponding to polystyrene was observed (100 °C) and the PSMA block was assumed miscible with PSty block. 72 Conversely, when the fraction of each block was similar, a new glass transition temperature close to pure PSMA was observed (150−200 °C).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Grafting Density and Distribution on Material Properties Using Well-Defined Alkyl Functional Poly(Styrene-co-Maleic Anhydride) Architectures Synthesized by RAFT

et al. 2019

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Kinetic analysis of the RAFT copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride by differential scanning calorimetry

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Research on the Risk of Thermal Runaway in the Industrial Process of Styrene Solution Polymerization

Research on the Risk of Thermal Runaway in the Industrial Process of Styrene Solution Polymerization

Synthesis of novel functionalized methacrylate copolymers and their copolymerization kinetics, thermal stability, and biocidal properties

Influence of Grafting Density and Distribution on Material Properties Using Well-Defined Alkyl Functional Poly(Styrene-co-Maleic Anhydride) Architectures Synthesized by RAFT

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