Ultralong 1D CeO 2 nanowires were synthesized via an advanced solvothermal method, surface reduced under H 2 atmosphere, and first applied in direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO 2 and CH 3 OH. The micro morphologies, physical parameters of nanowires were fully investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia/carbon dioxide (NH 3 -TPD/CO 2 -TPD). The effects of surface oxygen vacancy and acidic/alkaline sites on the catalytic activity was explored. After reduction, the acidic/alkaline sites of CeO 2 nanowires can be dramatically improved and evidently raised the catalytic performance. CeO 2 nanowires reduced at 500 • C (CeO 2 _NW_500) exhibited notably superior activity with DMC yield of 16.85 mmol gcat −1 . Furthermore, kinetic insights of initial rate were carried out and the apparent activation energy barrier of CeO 2 _NW_500 catalyst was found to be 41.9 kJ/mol, much tiny than that of CeO 2 _NW catalyst (74.7 KJ/mol).