Kinetic and products study of the gas-phase reaction of Lewisite with ozone under atmospheric conditions

Wang, Haitao; Zhang, Yuanpeng; Shao, Yusheng; Gao, Runli; Liang, Di; Sun, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2016.01.001

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the polluted troposphere, ozone (O 3 ) is one of the key players involved in photochemical air pollution. In polluted atmosphere, O 3 is known to react with some important classes of organic chemicals, specifically those containing unsaturated double bonds like those present in Lewisite . Therefore, a recent publication defining gas‐phase reactions of O 3 with Lewisite was considered important for understanding the environmental impact assessment of the process of excavating and destroying abandoned CWAs.…”

Section: Environmental Residues and Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the consensus to the disarmament following WWII, Lewisite was abandoned and buried by Germany and Japan at various sites in the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, Europe, and Haerbaling in Asia. 7,11,12 Nevertheless, several countries, including Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy, and the United States, have been known to stockpile significant amounts of Lewisite. [12][13][14] As reported to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in 2000, there are 6745 tons of stockpiled chemical weapons in the form of Lewisite and 344 tons in the form of mustard/Lewisite mixtures.…”

Section: Chemical Warfare and Industrial Arsenicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In polluted atmosphere, O 3 is known to react with some important classes of organic chemicals, specifically those containing unsaturated double bonds like those present in Lewisite. 11,72 Therefore, a recent publication defining gas-phase reactions of O 3 with Lewisite was considered important for understanding the environmental impact assessment of the process of excavating and destroying abandoned CWAs. It is believed that Lewisite emitted into the atmosphere from the dumped unexploded chemical ordnance will interact with atmospheric O 3 .…”

Section: Environmental Residues and Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After that, there is no documented record showing that Lewisite has been applied to the battlefield. Based on the consensus to the disarmament following WWII, Lewisite was abandoned and buried by Germany and Japan at various sites in the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, Europe, and Haerbaling in Asia . Nevertheless, several countries, including Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy, and the United States, have been known to stockpile significant amounts of Lewisite .…”

Section: Chemical Warfare and Industrial Arsenicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological and environmental hazards associated with exposure to chemical warfare agents: arsenicals

Srivastavá

Athar

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Arsenicals are highly reactive inorganic and organic derivatives of arsenic. These chemicals are very toxic and produce both acute and chronic tissue damage. Based on these observations, and considering the low cost and simple methods of their bulk syntheses, these agents were thought to be appropriate for chemical warfare. Among these, the most known agent synthesized and weaponized during World War I (WWI) is Lewisite. Exposure to Lewisite causes painful inflammatory and blistering responses in the skin, lung, and eye. These chemicals also manifest systemic tissue injury following their cutaneous exposure. Although largely discontinued after WWI, their stockpiles are still known to exist in the former Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, the United States, and Asia. Thus, their access by terrorists or accidental exposure could be highly dangerous for humans and the environment. This review summarizes studies which describe the biological, pathophysiological, toxicological, and environmental effects of exposure to arsenicals, with a major focus on cutaneous injury. Studies related to the development of novel molecular pathobiology–based antidotes against these agents are also described.

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Section: Environmental Residues and Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Warfare and Industrial Arsenicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Residues and Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Warfare and Industrial Arsenicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological and environmental hazards associated with exposure to chemical warfare agents: arsenicals

Srivastavá

Athar

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Sensing of toxic Lewisite (L₁, L₂, and L₃) molecules by graphdiyne nanoflake using density functional theory calculations and quantum theory of atoms in molecule analysis

Khan

Sajid

Ayub

et al. 2020

J of Physical Organic Chem

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Promising sensor applications of graphdiyne for various gases and toxic molecules have extensively been studied; however, similar studies for the detection of chemical warfare agents (CWA) are not reported. Here, we report the adsorption of Lewisites (L1, L2, and L3), on graphdiyne nanoflake (GDY) using density functional theory (DFT) ωB97XD/6‐31+G (d,p) method. Our results show that Lewisite molecules are preferably physiosorbed at the triangular portion of GDY nanoflake. In particular, the binding of L3 (3‐chlorovinyl arsine) on GDY nanoflake is thermodynamically favorable than L1 (1‐chlorovinylarsonous dichloride) and L2 (2‐chlorovinylarsonous chloride). Symmetry adopted perturbation theory (SAPT0) analysis reveals that the least contribution of repulsive exchange component is present in case of L2@GDY complex. Further, the smallest HOMO‐LUMO energy gap, appreciable charge transfer (NBO), and largest red shift in ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectrum are also in accord with the higher %sensitivity of graphdiyne toward L2. Quantum theory of atom in molecule (QTAIM) analysis is performed to get insight into the noncovalent interactions. Therefore, it is predicted that the sensitivity of GDY nanoflake is potentially high for Lewisite especially for L2.

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Study on the Pyrolysis and Incineration of Lewisite by Thermodynamic Equilibrium Calculation

Liu,

Zhang,

Yang

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Lewisite is a representative chemical warfare agent that contains arsenic. Thermal decomposition is an essential method for Lewisite destruction, and appropriate destruction conditions can enhance the environmental friendliness of this method by minimizing the hazards of destruction products. In this study, the variation of Lewisite during pyrolysis and incineration was calculated, with particular emphasis on the evolution behaviors of arsenic and chloride with temperature, pressure, and molar ratio. The main products identified during pyrolysis were HCl(g), C, As, and AsCl3(g). Under anoxic conditions, AsCl3(g) and As were the dominant species. In oxygen‐enriched conditions, arsenic existed primarily as AsCl3(g), As2O5, As2O4, and AsOCl. Below 600 °C, arsenic predominantly existed in high valence forms such as As2O5. Above 600 °C, the binding capacity of chlorine and arsenic was stronger than that of oxygen, resulting in an AsCl3(g) molar fraction exceeding 75 % at 1200 °C. The primary chlorides in oxygen‐enriched conditions were Cl2(g), HCl(g), AsCl3(g), and Cl(g). Lower incineration temperatures (around 500 °C), sufficient oxygen conditions (molar ratio above 4 : 1), and positive pressures were conducive to reducing the toxicity of destruction products. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

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Kinetic and products study of the gas-phase reaction of Lewisite with ozone under atmospheric conditions

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Biological and environmental hazards associated with exposure to chemical warfare agents: arsenicals

Biological and environmental hazards associated with exposure to chemical warfare agents: arsenicals

Sensing of toxic Lewisite (L₁, L₂, and L₃) molecules by graphdiyne nanoflake using density functional theory calculations and quantum theory of atoms in molecule analysis

Study on the Pyrolysis and Incineration of Lewisite by Thermodynamic Equilibrium Calculation

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Kinetic and products study of the gas-phase reaction of Lewisite with ozone under atmospheric conditions

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Biological and environmental hazards associated with exposure to chemical warfare agents: arsenicals

Biological and environmental hazards associated with exposure to chemical warfare agents: arsenicals

Sensing of toxic Lewisite (L1, L2, and L3) molecules by graphdiyne nanoflake using density functional theory calculations and quantum theory of atoms in molecule analysis

Study on the Pyrolysis and Incineration of Lewisite by Thermodynamic Equilibrium Calculation

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Sensing of toxic Lewisite (L₁, L₂, and L₃) molecules by graphdiyne nanoflake using density functional theory calculations and quantum theory of atoms in molecule analysis