Kinetic behaviour of the Sn(IV)-Sn(II) couple in acidified concentrated bromide solutions at a glassy carbon rotating ring-disk electrode

This paper presents an electrochemical study about the activating solutions of the electroless plating of polymers, containing Pd(II), Sn(II) and Sn(IV) mixtures in HCl as main components. The objective of the study is the voltammetric characterization of these solutions by cyclic and linear voltammetry in order to study the recovery of tin and palladium from these solutions. The effect of concentration and rotation rate on the currentÀpotential curves was studied using the RDE technique. The electrochemical behaviour of solutions prepared in the laboratory was performed as a prior step to the further study of real activating rinsing solutions. The electrochemical reduction of Pd(II) takes place in two one-electron transfer steps which are mass transport controlled. The electrochemical reduction of Sn(II) and Sn(IV) is also mass transport controlled and takes place with direct formation of metallic tin, although the electrochemical reduction of Sn(IV) only takes place in solutions with HCl concentrations higher than 1 M. The presence of additives in the real solutions prevent the chemical reduction of Pd(II) and the formation of Sn(IV) hydroxylated complexes. This causes the appearance of well defined diffusion waves attributable to the electrochemical reduction of Pd(II) and Sn(IV). Hence, the recovery of both species simultaneously as well as separately could be carried out, if appropriate conditions are selected.

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“…6 is 2.5 · 10 À10 m 2 s À1 . This value is similar to those obtained by Kiekens et al (1.9 · 10 À10 m 2 s À1 ) [32] and by Broggi et al…”

Section: Electrochemical Behaviour Of Tin In Aqueous Hclsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The species responsible for this mechanism could be the SnCl 5 À complex and the reaction mechanism occurs as follows [32,[36][37][38]:…”

Section: Electrochemical Behaviour Of Tin In Aqueous Hclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical study of the activating solution for electroless plating of polymers

et al. 2007

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“…It has been reported in the literature (8)(9)(10)(11) that Sn 2 § oxidation is fast in highly acidic solutions containing chloride; further, its rate constant is higher on Au. In 2M HC1 a well-defined oxidation wave is obtained on a Au RDE which obeys Levich behavior as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Composition Determination of Electrodeposited NiSn and PbSn Alloys Using Stripping Voltammetry at a Rotating Ring‐Disk Electrode

Wong

Andricacos

1990

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A new method has been developed for determining the composition of NiSn and PbSn alloys electrodeposited on a rotating disk electrode. The method makes use of a ring-disk assembly combined with potentiodynamic or galvanostatic stripping voltammetry. According to the method the alloy is first deposited on the disk electrode and.subsequently transferred to a stripping medium where it is anodically dissolved. During disk dissolution, Sn in the alloy dissolves in the +2 oxidation state and further oxidizes to Sn 4 § on the ring electrode. The disk charge is proportional to the total amount of deposit while the ring charge is proportional to the total amount of Sn in the deposit. In addition to permitting composition determination, this method provides information about the phase structure of the electrodeposited alloy.

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“…The use of the Sn(IV) + le" -» Sn(ll) reaction to determine Sn(IV) is not promising because of the lack of a well-defined diflusion-limiting current for this reaction, and because of the difficulty of separating the current for the Sn(IV)-toSn(II) reduction reaction from the current due to Sn electrodeposition. The best results were obtained with electrolytes containing relatively high concentrations of either NaBr or NaCl, e.g., 4-8 mol/dm' (see [28]), but the use of such concentrated solutions is not usually convenient. Irreproducible results were obtained in chloride solutions of concentration 3 mol/dm or less, regardless of the electrode material.…”

Section: Determination Of Stannic Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characterization of PdSn catalysts for electroless metal deposition

et al. 1988

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A set of electrochemical techniques has been developed to measure the component concentrations and the catalytic activity of the PdSn seeder solutions used to activate insulating substrates for the electroless deposition of Cu. The concentration of Sn(ll) was calculated from the limiting current for Sn(ll) oxidation, that of Sn(IV) from the difference between the Sn metal-deposition limiting current and the Sn(ll) limiting current. The palladium concentration was determined by a stripping analysis after Pd deposition from an oxidized seeder solution. The catalytic activity of the PdSn catalyst was estimated by measuring its activity for the electro-oxidation of formaldehyde (the reducing agent used in the electroless Cu bath) or by the cyclic voltammetric response of a seeded electrode in an inert electrolyte. The cyclic voltammetric technique and transmission electron microscopy examination were used to evaluate various accelerating solutions used to increase the activity of the seeder.

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Kinetic behaviour of the Sn(IV)-Sn(II) couple in acidified concentrated bromide solutions at a glassy carbon rotating ring-disk electrode

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Electrochemical study of the activating solution for electroless plating of polymers

Electrochemical study of the activating solution for electroless plating of polymers

Composition Determination of Electrodeposited NiSn and PbSn Alloys Using Stripping Voltammetry at a Rotating Ring‐Disk Electrode

Characterization of PdSn catalysts for electroless metal deposition

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