Kinetic bottlenecks to respiratory exchange rates in the deep-sea – Part 1: Oxygen

Hofmann, A.F.; Peltzer, Edward T.; Brewer, Peter G.

doi:10.5194/bg-10-5049-2013

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Significant differences from the initial 24-h period within a treatment are indicated by asterisks; significant differences between control and pressure treatments within a time period are indicated by double daggers; colour reflects treatment. (Hofmann et al, 2013b), the key limiting chemical exchange rate (Hofmann et al, 2013a). Instead, significant increases in metabolic rate may result in elevated internal P CO2 (Fehsenfeld and Weihrauch, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic costs imposed by hydrostatic pressure constrain bathymetric range in the lithodid crab Lithodes maja

Brown

Thatje

Morris

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The changing climate is shifting the distributions of marine species, yet the potential for shifts in depth distributions is virtually unexplored. Hydrostatic pressure is proposed to contribute to a physiological bottleneck constraining depth range extension in shallow-water taxa. However, bathymetric limitation by hydrostatic pressure remains undemonstrated, and the mechanism limiting hyperbaric tolerance remains hypothetical. Here, we assess the effects of hydrostatic pressure in the lithodid crab (bathymetric range 4-790 m depth, approximately equivalent to 0.1 to 7.9 MPa hydrostatic pressure). Heart rate decreased with increasing hydrostatic pressure, and was significantly lower at ≥10.0 MPa than at 0.1 MPa. Oxygen consumption increased with increasing hydrostatic pressure to 12.5 MPa, before decreasing as hydrostatic pressure increased to 20.0 MPa; oxygen consumption was significantly higher at 7.5-17.5 MPa than at 0.1 MPa. Increases in expression of genes associated with neurotransmission, metabolism and stress were observed between 7.5 and 12.5 MPa. We suggest that hyperbaric tolerance in may be oxygen-limited by hyperbaric effects on heart rate and metabolic rate, but that 's bathymetric range is limited by metabolic costs imposed by the effects of high hydrostatic pressure. These results advocate including hydrostatic pressure in a complex model of environmental tolerance, where energy limitation constrains biogeographic range, and facilitate the incorporation of hydrostatic pressure into the broader metabolic framework for ecology and evolution. Such an approach is crucial for accurately projecting biogeographic responses to changing climate, and for understanding the ecology and evolution of life at depth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic costs imposed by hydrostatic pressure constrain bathymetric range in the lithodid crab Lithodes maja

Brown

Thatje

Morris

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Putting aside organism-specific differences in surface area to volume ratios, respiratory structures (e.g. gills, pigments), or differences in pumping [38], aquatic animals can only extract O 2 from the water column at an absolute rate proportional to environmental availability. This relationship has been expressed in freshwater environments as the OSI [39] (expressed here in mmol kg 21 matm m 2 s 21 Â 10 25 ):…”

Section: Background and Previous Work (A) Oxygen Bioavailability In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen, temperature and the deep-marine stenothermal cradle of Ediacaran evolution

et al. 2018

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Ediacaran fossils document the early evolution of complex megascopic life, contemporaneous with geochemical evidence for widespread marine anoxia. These data suggest early animals experienced frequent hypoxia. Research has thus focused on the concentration of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) required by early animals, while also considering the impacts of climate. One model, the Cold Cradle hypothesis, proposed the Ediacaran biota originated in cold, shallow-water environments owing to increased O 2 solubility. First, we demonstrate using principles of gas exchange that temperature does have a critical role in governing the bioavailability of O 2 -but in cooler water the supply of O 2 is actually lower. Second, the fossil record suggests the Ediacara biota initially occur approximately 571 Ma in deepwater facies, before appearing in shelf environments approximately 555 Ma. We propose an ecophysiological underpinning for this pattern. By combining oceanographic data with new respirometry experiments we show that in the shallow mixed layer where seasonal temperatures fluctuate widely, thermal and partial pressure (pO 2 ) effects are highly synergistic. The result is that temperature change away from species-specific optima impairs tolerance to low pO 2 . We hypothesize that deep and particularly stenothermal (narrow temperature range) environments in the Ediacaran ocean were a physiological refuge from the synergistic effects of temperature and low pO 2 .

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“…increased blood pigment levels, enhanced ventilation or heart rate, breaks down; Seibel, 2011;Spicer, 2014). Nonetheless, and aware of the fact that static concentration thresholds do not consider temperature, pressure or flow rate dependency (Hofmann et al, 2013), our decision to work with mL L −1 was motivated by comparability with the literature, that is, most research done on benthic fauna behaviour under low oxygen conditions -most notably the classical review by Diaz and Rosenberg (1995) -is based on this concentration unit. Thus, behavioural data were assigned to five oxygen categories: normoxia (≥ 2.0 mL DO L −1 ), mild (< 2.0 mL DO L −1 ), moderate (< 1.0 mL DO L −1 ), severe hypoxia (< 0.5 mL DO L −1 ), and anoxia (no oxygen).…”

Section: Statistical Analysis and Choice Of Oxygen Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hypoxia and anoxia on invertebrate behaviour: ecological perspectives from species to community level

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Coastal hypoxia and anoxia have become a global key stressor to marine ecosystems, with almost 500 dead zones recorded worldwide. By triggering cascading effects from the individual organism to the community-and ecosystem level, oxygen depletions threaten marine biodiversity and can alter ecosystem structure and function. By integrating both physiological function and ecological processes, animal behaviour is ideal for assessing the stress state of benthic macrofauna to low dissolved oxygen. The initial response of organisms can serve as an early warning signal, while the successive behavioural reactions of key species indicate hypoxia levels and help assess community degradation. Here we document the behavioural responses of a representative spectrum of benthic macrofauna in the natural setting in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean). We experimentally induced small-scale anoxia with a benthic chamber in 24 m depth to overcome the difficulties in predicting the onset of hypoxia, which often hinders full documentation in the field. The behavioural reactions were documented with a time-lapse camera. Oxygen depletion elicited significant and repeatable changes in general (visibility, locomotion, body movement and posture, location) and species-specific reactions in virtually all organisms (302 individuals from 32 species and 2 species groups). Most atypical (stress) behaviours were associated with specific oxygen thresholds: arm-tipping in the ophiuroid Ophiothrix quinquemaculata, for example, with the onset of mild hypoxia (< 2 mL O 2 L −1 ), the emergence of polychaetes on the sediment surface with moderate hypoxia (< 1 mL O 2 L −1 ), the emergence of the infaunal sea urchin Schizaster canaliferus on the sediment with severe hypoxia (< 0.5 mL O 2 L −1 ) and heavy body rotations in sea anemones with anoxia. Other species changed their activity patterns, for example the circadian rhythm in the hermit crab Paguristes eremita or the bioherm-associated crab Pisidia longimana. Intra-and interspecific reactions were weakened or changed: decapods ceased defensive and territorial behaviour, and predator-prey interactions and relationships shifted. This nuanced scale of resolution is a useful tool to interpret present benthic community status (behaviour) and past mortalities (community composition, e.g. survival of tolerant species). This information on the sensitivity (onset of stress response), tolerance (mortality, survival), and characteristics (i.e. life habit, functional role) of key species also helps predict potential future changes in benthic structure and ecosystem functioning. This integrated approach can transport complex ecological processes to the public and decision-makers and help define specific monitoring, assessment and conservation plans.

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Kinetic bottlenecks to respiratory exchange rates in the deep-sea – Part 1: Oxygen

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

Metabolic costs imposed by hydrostatic pressure constrain bathymetric range in the lithodid crab Lithodes maja

Metabolic costs imposed by hydrostatic pressure constrain bathymetric range in the lithodid crab Lithodes maja

Oxygen, temperature and the deep-marine stenothermal cradle of Ediacaran evolution

Effect of hypoxia and anoxia on invertebrate behaviour: ecological perspectives from species to community level

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