Kinetic control of self-assembly using a low-energy electron beam

Makoveev, Anton O.; Procházka, Pavel; Shahsavar, Azin; Kormoš, Lukáš; Krajňák, Tomáš; Stará, Veronika; Čechal, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154106

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The diffraction pattern in Fig. 4 by 90 , due to the substrate and superlattice symmetry (Makoveev et al, 2022). single domain diffraction in Fig.…”

Section: Commensurate Superlatticementioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the first example, a simple substrate diffraction pattern is modeled, and the scalebar is added to the experimental result. The second and third examples illustrate the possibility of modeling more complicated superlattice arrangements (Procha ´zka et al, 2020;Makoveev et al, 2022). In both cases, the crystal surface was covered by one monolayer (1 ML) of 4,4 0 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BDA) molecules with a distinct chemical state.…”

Section: Practical Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the diffraction patterns are relatively simple, the widely used LEEDpat software does excellent work in the visualization of diffraction patterns associated with real space lattices (Hermann & Van Hove, 2014). However, extracting the surface structure from complex experimental diffraction patterns is often non-trivial, especially when dealing with superlattice structures like those originating from molecular adsorbates (Procha ´zka et al, 2020(Procha ´zka et al, , 2021Makoveev et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ProLEED Studio: software for modeling low-energy electron diffraction patterns

Procházka,

Čechal

2024

J Appl Cryst

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Low-energy electron diffraction patterns contain precise information about the structure of the surface studied. However, retrieving the real space lattice periodicity from complex diffraction patterns is challenging, especially when the modeled patterns originate from superlattices with large unit cells composed of several symmetry-equivalent domains without a simple relation to the substrate. This work presents ProLEED Studio software, built to provide simple, intuitive and precise modeling of low-energy electron diffraction patterns. The interactive graphical user interface allows real-time modeling of experimental diffraction patterns, change of depicted diffraction spot intensities, visualization of different diffraction domains, and manipulation of any lattice points or diffraction spots. The visualization of unit cells, lattice vectors, grids and scale bars as well as the possibility of exporting ready-to-publish models in bitmap and vector formats significantly simplifies the modeling process and publishing of results.

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“…The diffraction pattern in Fig. 4 by 90 , due to the substrate and superlattice symmetry (Makoveev et al, 2022). single domain diffraction in Fig.…”

Section: Commensurate Superlatticementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Practical Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ProLEED Studio: software for modeling low-energy electron diffraction patterns

Procházka,

Čechal

2024

J Appl Cryst

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“…Earlier works lamented the inability to focus electrons into a small enough volume at the low kinetic energies required for DEA, but this problem is easily overcome by use of scanned probes (below), or by use of bespoke electron sources. This has been recently demonstrated elegantly by use of a low energy electron microscope source, which serves the dual purpose of irradiating the surface at a fixed energy of choice, and investigating the structure of the resultant domains [48]. In this work the authors found the ability to selectively enhance reaction steps via electron injection and access to surface reconstructions unobtainable by conventional annealing methods.…”

Section: Reactions Initiated By Low-energy Electronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovations in nanosynthesis: emerging techniques for precision, scalability, and spatial control in reactions of organic molecules on solid surfaces

Lipton‐Duffin

MacLeod

2023

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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The surface science-based approach to synthesising new organic materials on surfaces has gained considerable attention in recent years, owing to its success in facilitating the formation of novel 0D, 1D and 2D architectures. The primary mechanism used to date has been the catalytic transformation of small organic molecules through substrate-enabled reactions. In this Topical Review, we provide an overview of alternate approaches to controlling molecular reactions on surfaces. These approaches include light, electron and ion-initiated reactions, electrospray ionisation deposition-based techniques, collisions of neutral atoms and molecules, and superhydrogenation. We focus on the opportunities afforded by these alternative approaches, in particular where they may offer advantages in terms of selectivity, spatial control or scalability.

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“…Our previous study introduced aromatic carboxylic acids as dipolar layers . We have shown that the employed 4,4′-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid (BDA, Figure b) molecule can gradually deprotonate in direct contact with silver surfaces either thermally − or by low-energy electrons, thus providing a possibility to finely tune the ELA. While considerable shifts in the WF and energy levels of deposited molecules up to 0.8 eV were induced, our later experiments have shown that it is prone to mix with pentacene layers deposited on top.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Dipolar Layers between Organic Semiconductors and Silver for Energy-Level Alignment

Krajňák,

Stará,

Procházka

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The interface between a metal electrode and an organic semiconductor (OS) layer has a defining role in the properties of the resulting device. To obtain the desired performance, interlayers are introduced to modify the adhesion and growth of OS and enhance the efficiency of charge transport through the interface. However, the employed interlayers face common challenges, including a lack of electric dipoles to tune the mutual position of energy levels, being too thick for efficient electronic transport, or being prone to intermixing with subsequently deposited OS layers. Here, we show that monolayers of 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (BTB) with fully deprotonated carboxyl groups on silver substrates form a compact layer resistant to intermixing while capable of mediating energy-level alignment and showing a large insensitivity to substrate termination. Employing a combination of surface-sensitive techniques, i.e., low-energy electron microscopy and diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy, we have comprehensively characterized the compact layer and proven its robustness against mixing with the subsequently deposited organic semiconductor layer. Density functional theory calculations show that the robustness arises from a strong interaction of carboxylate groups with the Ag surface, and thus, the BTB in the first layer is energetically favored. Synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy shows that this layer displays considerable electrical dipoles that can be utilized for work function engineering and electronic alignment of molecular frontier orbitals with respect to the substrate Fermi level. Our work thus provides a widely applicable molecular interlayer and general insights necessary for engineering of charge injection layers for efficient organic electronics.

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Kinetic control of self-assembly using a low-energy electron beam

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

ProLEED Studio: software for modeling low-energy electron diffraction patterns

ProLEED Studio: software for modeling low-energy electron diffraction patterns

Innovations in nanosynthesis: emerging techniques for precision, scalability, and spatial control in reactions of organic molecules on solid surfaces

Robust Dipolar Layers between Organic Semiconductors and Silver for Energy-Level Alignment

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