Kinetic model of enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded wheat straw

Chemical Pretreatment Methods for the Production of Cellulosic Ethanol: Technologies and Innovations

“…Enzymatic hydrolysis offers advantages over acids such as low energy consumption due to the mild process requirements, high sugar yields, and no unwanted wastes. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is affected by properties of the substrate such as porosity, cellulose fibre crystallinity, and degree of polymerization, as well as lignin and hemicellulose content [9,10]; optimum mixing [11]; substrate and end-product concentration; enzyme activity; reaction conditions such as pH and temperature [12,13]. The cost of commercial enzymes is a major economic headache in 2G bioethanol production and such pretreatment methods that support low enzyme dosages per unit biomass while optimizing ethanol yields (in addition to other favourable factors) are of interest in cellulosic ethanol production.…”

Augmented digestion of lignocellulose by steam explosion, acid and alkaline pretreatment methods: A review

“…This makes the cellulose susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis (Kaparaju & Felby, 2010;Liew, Shi, & Li, 2011;Xiao, Yin, Xia, & Ma, 2012) to yield sugars. Further, it is essential that any effective pretreatment method must be conducive to improve the formation of sugars by hydrolysis (Zhou, Zang, Gong, Wang, & Ma, 2012;Taherzadeh & Karimi, 2008;Lamsal, Yoo, Brijwani, & Alavi, 2010;Radeva, Valchev, Petrin, Valcheva, & Tsekova, 2012), to limit or prevent the degradation or loss of carbohydrates, to avoid the formation of degradation products that are inhibitory to the subsequent hydrolysis and fermentation processes (Talebnia, Karakashev, & Angelidaki, 2010;Thulluri, Goluguri, Konakalla, Shetty, & Addepally, 2013) and minimizing energy input for cost effectiveness (Arslan & Eken-Saracoglu, 2010). Pretreatment results must also be weighed against their impact on the ease of operation, cost of the downstream processes and the trade-off between several costs including operational, capital and biomass costs (Wyman, 1999;Zhu & Pan, 2010).…”

Bioehanol Production from Bulrush with A Combination of Chemical and Biological Process

“…Enzymatic hydrolysis offers advantages over acids such as low energy consumption due to the mild process requirement, high sugar yield, and no unwanted wastes. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose affected by properties of the substrate such as porosity, cellulose fibre crystallinity, and degree of polymerization, as well as lignin and hemicellulose ontent [37,38], optimum mixing [39], substrate and end-product consentration, enzyme activity, reaction conditions such as pH and temperature [40,41].…”