Kinetic Modeling of Limonene Epoxidation over PW-Amberlite

Abstract

The kinetics of limonene epoxidation catalyzed by PW-Amberlite under triphasic conditions is described. A mechanistic pathway was postulated, and a heterogeneous kinetic model was derived following pseudostationary-state theory. Using adsorption parameters that were estimated from independent binary adsorption experiments, the resulting kinetic model fitted the experimental data quite well.

Versatile Heterogeneous Catalytic System for the Selective Synthesis of Limonene Epoxide and Diepoxide

“…The concentration of H 2 O 2 in the reaction mixture was determined by cerimetric titration using a Ce­(SO 4 ) 2 standardized aqueous solution . The reaction of the colored cerium­(IV) sulfate to the colorless cerium­(III) sulfate proceeds in the presence of H 2 O 2 to yield sulfuric acid and oxygen as is shown in Figure .…”

“…57,58 Other reported methods include colorimetric detection, 59 spectrophotometry, 60,61 a technique using leuco crystal violet, 62 iodometric titration, 27,33,35 and cerimetric titration. 63 This study aims to evaluate the use of magnesium oxide as a highly selective catalyst for the R-(+)-limonene epoxidation using a versatile Payne reaction system toward epoxide and diepoxide, depending on the reaction conditions. Furthermore, kinetic equations based on pseudohomogeneous and heterogeneous models are proposed, and detailed characterizations of the fresh and spent catalysts are presented.…”

“…Magnesium oxide has been reported as a suitable heterogeneous catalyst for the epoxidation route of β-pinene, and styrene under mild reaction conditions (50 °C and 2 h) via a Payne system with water and acetone as solvents; the reaction involves the formation of peroxyacetimidic acid (PA) as the active intermediate oxidant, which is formed by activating H 2 O 2 with acetonitrile through a nucleophilic attack by perhydroxyl anion species (HOO – ) on the nitrile, acting as basic OH – groups. − The efficiency of H 2 O 2 can be calculated by quantification of the oxidant after reaction, which has been determined using classical methods such as the direct measurement of the absorbance at 240 nm of the H 2 O 2 molecule, and through the reaction of H 2 O 2 with ferrous iron, monitored via a subsequent reaction with the dye xylenol orange and subsequent measurement of the absorbance of the solution at 550 nm. , Other reported methods include colorimetric detection, spectrophotometry, , a technique using leuco crystal violet, iodometric titration, ,, and cerimetric titration …”

Recent advances in catalytic and non-catalytic epoxidation of terpenes: a pathway to bio-based polymers from waste biomass

“…In recent years, aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) has gained promising attention as a sustainable oxidant for alkene epoxidation. [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] The use of H 2 O 2 as an oxidant is advantageous as it produces only water, making it a green and eco-friendly process. [66][67][68] Studies on H 2 O 2mediated epoxidation have employed various catalysts containing metals such as molybdenum (Mo), rhenium (Re), titanium (Ti), and tungsten (W).…”

Techno‐Economic Evaluation of d‐Limonene and α‐Pinene Separation from Citrus and Turpentine Oils

“…Some simulation and experimental data for typical essential oils such as citrus and turpentine using fractional distillation demonstrated that it is an adequate method to separate and increase the purity of some components. Limonene 1,2‐epoxide recovery from d ‐limonene epoxidation mixture over PW‐Amberlite/H 2 O 2 /acetonitrile was simulated at 95.6 % . Citronella oil fractionation and the experimental purification of d ‐limonene from green mandarin and orange oils under vacuum conditions have been also reported .…”