Kinetic of thermal degradation and thermal stability of natural rubber filled with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Hayeemasae, Nabil; Ismail, Hanafi; Matchawet, Suradet; Masa, Abdulhakim

doi:10.1002/pc.25163

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The amount of residue at 600°C increases by the corresponding increase of PUW in all composites at the same temperature. 49,50 The results obtained from TGA clearly proves the thermal stability of composites with respect to that of NR.…”

Section: Characterization Of Nr-puw Compositesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Reutilization of polyurethane-based shoe sole scrap as a reinforcing filler in natural rubber for the development of high-performance composites

Bashpa¹,

Bijudas²,

Dileep³

et al. 2022

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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Reutilization of industrial waste is one of the emerging strategies to combat solid waste disposal for the protection of our environment. The present work describes a novel and economic approach to reutilize finely ground shoe sole scrap, a thermoset polyurethane-based waste (PUW) material generated during shoe sole production in footwear industries as an efficient reinforcing filler in natural rubber (NR). Shoe sole scrap was ground to fine powder and characterized by various analytical techniques. NR-PUW composites were prepared using 0–20 phr (parts per hundred of rubber) of PUW. The cure characteristics, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of prepared composites were studied. Composite with 5 phr PUW showed a remarkable improvement in tensile strength by 10% and modulus at 300% elongation increased by 9% compared to that of neat sample. A considerable increase in abrasion resistance and tear strength was also observed in 5 phr PUW loaded composites. Other mechanical properties like hardness, heat build-up and compression set showed a regular increase with further filler loading. To estimate the level of interfacial adhesion between the filler and the matrix, the experimental values of tensile strength were compared with Nicolais–Narkis (N–N), Lu, and Turcsányi–Pukànszky–Tüdõs (T–P–T) models and elastic modulus values with Einstein and Guth and Smallwood models. The tensile strength values are in agreement with T-P-T model (B = 4), up to 5 phr PUW proving the better adhesion between NR and PUW at lower filler loadings. At higher PUW loading, the experimental results are approaching Lu and N–N models indicating that this adhesion is collapsed. The incorporation of PUW as a filler in NR does not adversely impact the thermal stability of prepared composites. The results obtained are not only promising from a circular economy perspective, but also is contributive in production of high-performance, low-cost NR composites for various industrial applications.

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Section: Characterization Of Nr-puw Compositesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Reutilization of polyurethane-based shoe sole scrap as a reinforcing filler in natural rubber for the development of high-performance composites

Bashpa¹,

Bijudas²,

Dileep³

et al. 2022

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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“…The major degradation was found at 300-470°C, which was due to the degradation of rubber molecules. 31 The thermal stability of all NR vulcanizate samples was estimated from the temperature at which the sample had lost 5% of its initial weight (T d5 ). 32 The T d5 of the NR shifted from ∼286°C to ∼334-338°C (by about 17-18%) for cyclized NR, depending on the degree of cyclization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of acid concentration on thermomechanical, tensile and thermal properties of cyclized natural rubber

Jaratrotkamjorn

Hayeemasae

Zakaria

et al. 2023

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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Properties of cyclized natural rubbers (NR) with various degrees of cyclization (∼4-22%) were investigated in this study. Prior to compounding with rubber additives, the cyclized rubbers were initially prepared by dropping various concentrations of acid (5-30 wt%) to the NR latex, followed by coagulation and drying. The results revealed that the degree of cyclization increased with acid concentration. Increased ring structure formation in the modified NR tended to increase the torque difference during crosslinking, as the cyclic ring structures acted as steric hindrances. The crosslink density was found to decrease with increasing cyclization level due to the loss of active sites for crosslink formation, increasing swelling capability of the cyclized rubbers. The 100% and 300% moduli, tensile strength and extensibility of the NR reduced with increasing degree of cyclization due to a reduction of crosslink density. As a result of cyclic structure formation and a reduction of unsaturated double bonds in the NR, the stability of cyclized NR at elevated temperatures was improved over the pure NR, in a manner dependent on the level of cyclization. Single glass transition temperature was seen in the NR while two glass transition temperatures were noticed in the cyclized NR. The thermal stability of 22% cyclized NR was 50°C higher than that of the pure NR and the aging properties of the cyclized NRs were also greater mainly due to a reduction of unsaturated double bonds. This suggests that cyclized NR may find applications in products requiring thermal resistance.

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“…It is seen from Figure 6Athat the crosslinked NR samples showed two regions of degradation: a minor weight loss at 180 -300 °C, and a major loss at 300 -470 °C. The former weight loss was attributed to volatile substances including stearic acid and moisture, and the latter was due to the degradation of rubber molecules [28] . The T d5 with the CV system appeared at 328 °C, which is lower than the corresponding temperature with the EV system (331 °C), meaning that the CV system gave poorer thermal stability than the EV system.…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between stress relaxation behavior and thermal stability of natural rubber vulcanizates

Hayeemasae¹,

Masa

2020

Polímeros

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It is well-recognized that different sulphur curing systems have greatly influenced to the final properties of the rubber vulcanizates. In this study, the properties of vulcanizates with conventional vulcanization (CV) and efficiency vulcanization (EV) systems were correlated in the aspect of stress relaxation and thermal stability. The stress relaxation behaviour and thermal stability were studied with the temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) and with thermogravimatric analysis (TGA) techniques, respectively. Thermo-oxidative degradation of rubber chains in the CV system was greater than the EV system, leading to easier stress relaxation and poorer aging resistance of the CV system. Also, thermal stability of the rubber crosslinked with CV system was poorer than that with the EV system as corroborated by the activation energy of degradation. TSSR result correlated well with TGA result, and both revealed type of crosslinkages governed the thermo-oxidative degradation and thermal stability of vulcanizates.

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Kinetic of thermal degradation and thermal stability of natural rubber filled with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Reutilization of polyurethane-based shoe sole scrap as a reinforcing filler in natural rubber for the development of high-performance composites

Reutilization of polyurethane-based shoe sole scrap as a reinforcing filler in natural rubber for the development of high-performance composites

Influence of acid concentration on thermomechanical, tensile and thermal properties of cyclized natural rubber

Relationship between stress relaxation behavior and thermal stability of natural rubber vulcanizates

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